Regulatory sandboxes have become the latest development in regulatory reform, starting first in financial regulation and now expanding to other sectors. While sandboxes offer notable potential benefits for managing emerging technologies, achieving desirable policy outcomes with this novel regulatory instrument also comes with technical and political challenges. This article offers a framework to characterize regulatory sandboxes in any sector, involving a blend of (1) approval regulation with broad-based standards, (2) restricted discretion by the regulator for specific norms, (3) process-oriented regulation, (4) an outcomes-orientation, and (5) structured regulator–regulatee information sharing or dialogue. Using this model, the article outlines issues in compliance and legitimacy, including in trust and accountability, responsive enforcement, the politics of participation, and post-sandbox oversight. The article concludes by calling for greater scrutiny when considering implementing a sandbox instrument, with attention to sector-specific concerns, and offering directions for empirical evaluation of regulatory sandboxes.

中文翻译：

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陷入流沙？使用监管沙箱管理新兴技术的合规性和合法性挑战

监管沙盒已成为监管改革的最新发展，首先从金融监管开始，现在扩展到其他领域。虽然沙盒为管理新兴技术提供了显着的潜在好处，但利用这种新颖的监管工具实现理想的政策成果也带来了技术和政治挑战。本文提供了一个框架来描述任何部门的监管沙盒特征，其中包括 (1) 审批监管与基础广泛的标准的结合，(2) 监管机构对特定规范的限制自由裁量权，(3) 以流程为导向的监管，(4 ) 以结果为导向，以及 (5) 结构化的监管者与被监管者信息共享或对话。使用该模型，本文概述了合规性和合法性方面的问题，包括信任和问责制、响应性执法、参与政治和沙盒后监督。文章最后呼吁在考虑实施沙盒工具时进行更严格的审查，关注特定行业的问题，并为监管沙盒的实证评估提供指导。