The coronavirus pandemic has influenced many lives, particularly older adults'. Although isolation protects from infection, health behaviors like physical activity (PA) are important to reinstate after lockdown. However, fear of Covid-19 may act as a barrier, for example, by preventing people from going outside. Based on the health action process approach (HAPA), we investigated whether and why older adults' PA changed after lockdown, and whether fear of Covid-19 moderates the intention–behavior relationship. Participants of this longitudinal study aged 65+ from German-speaking Europe completed an online questionnaire about their PA, fear of Covid-19, and HAPA factors in April and May 2020. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. Results showed that moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) remained stable after lockdown and that self-efficacy most robustly influenced the intention to be active. PA was not explained by any volitional factor but was strongly related to past PA. Interestingly, the relationship of past and future MVPA was attenuated by fear of Covid-19, but this finding was not robust when outliers were removed. In conclusion, self-efficacy is the most important motivator for PA in older adults after an interruption like a lockdown. Strong physical activity habits may facilitate PA after a period of isolation.

中文翻译：

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锁定后老年人的身体活动：测试健康行动过程方法和对 Covid-19 的恐惧的调节作用

冠状病毒大流行影响了许多人的生活，尤其是老年人的生活。尽管隔离可以防止感染，但身体活动 (PA) 等健康行为对于锁定后的恢复很重要。但是，对 Covid-19 的恐惧可能会成为障碍，例如阻止人们外出。基于健康行动过程方法 (HAPA)，我们调查了锁定后老年人的 PA 是否以及为何发生变化，以及对 Covid-19 的恐惧是否缓和了意图-行为关系。这项纵向研究的参与者来自德语区，年龄在 65 岁以上，他们在 2020 年 4 月和 2020 年 5 月完成了一份关于他们的 PA、对 Covid-19 的恐惧和 HAPA 因素的在线问卷调查。使用多元线性回归分析数据。结果表明，中度至剧烈活动 (MVPA) 在锁定后保持稳定，自我效能感对积极活动的意图影响最大。PA 不能用任何意志因素来解释，但与过去的 PA 密切相关。有趣的是，过去和未来 MVPA 的关系因对 Covid-19 的恐惧而减弱，但当异常值被移除时，这一发现并不稳健。总之，自我效能感是老年人在像封锁这样的中断之后进行 PA 的最重要的激励因素。经过一段时间的隔离后，强烈的体育锻炼习惯可能会促进 PA。但当异常值被移除时，这一发现并不稳健。总之，自我效能感是老年人在像封锁这样的中断之后进行 PA 的最重要的激励因素。经过一段时间的隔离后，强烈的体育锻炼习惯可能会促进 PA。但当异常值被移除时，这一发现并不稳健。总之，自我效能感是老年人在像封锁这样的中断之后进行 PA 的最重要的激励因素。经过一段时间的隔离后，强烈的体育锻炼习惯可能会促进 PA。