Recent decades have witnessed a surge of explorations into the application of multifarious materials, especially biomedical applications. Among them, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been widely developed as typical inorganic layer materials to achieve remarkable advancements. Multiple physicochemical properties endow LDHs with excellent merits in biomedical applications. Moreover, LDH nanoplatforms could serve as “molecular switches”, which are capable of the controlled release of payloads under specific physiological pH conditions but are stable during circulation in the bloodstream. In addition, LDHs themselves are composed of several specific cations and possess favorable biological effects or regulatory roles in various cellular functions. These advantages have caused LDHs to become increasingly of interest in the area of nanomedicine. Recent efforts have been devoted to revealing the potential factors that interfere with the biological pathways of LDH-based nanoparticles, such as their applications in shaping the functions of immune cells and in determining the fate of stem cells and tumor treatments, which are comprehensively described herein. In addition, several intracellular signaling pathways interfering with by LDHs in the above applications were also systematically expatiated. Finally, the future development and challenges of LDH-based nanomedicine are discussed in the context of the ultimate goal of practical clinical application.

近几十年来，对多种材料应用的探索激增，尤其是生物医学应用。其中，层状双氢氧化物（LDHs）作为典型的无机层状材料得到了广泛的开发，取得了显着的进步。多种理化性质赋予LDHs在生物医学应用中的优良优点。此外，LDH 纳米平台可以作为“分子开关”，能够在特定生理 pH 条件下控制释放有效载荷，但在血液循环过程中保持稳定。此外，LDHs本身由几种特定的阳离子组成，在各种细胞功能中具有良好的生物学效应或调节作用。这些优势使 LDHs 在纳米医学领域越来越受到关注。最近的努力致力于揭示干扰基于 LDH 的纳米粒子的生物学途径的潜在因素，例如它们在塑造免疫细胞功能和确定干细胞命运和肿瘤治疗方面的应用，这些在本文中进行了全面描述. 此外，还系统阐述了LDHs在上述应用中干扰的几种细胞内信号通路。最后，在实际临床应用的最终目标的背景下，讨论了基于LDH的纳米药物的未来发展和挑战。例如它们在塑造免疫细胞功能以及确定干细胞和肿瘤治疗的命运方面的应用，这些都在本文中进行了全面描述。此外，还系统阐述了LDHs在上述应用中干扰的几种细胞内信号通路。最后，在实际临床应用的最终目标的背景下，讨论了基于LDH的纳米药物的未来发展和挑战。例如它们在塑造免疫细胞功能以及确定干细胞和肿瘤治疗的命运方面的应用，这些都在本文中进行了全面描述。此外，还系统阐述了LDHs在上述应用中干扰的几种细胞内信号通路。最后，在实际临床应用的最终目标的背景下，讨论了基于LDH的纳米药物的未来发展和挑战。