Human skin contains slowly adaptive (SA) and rapidly adaptive (RA) mechanoreceptors, which respond differently to external stimuli. Based on human tactile perception principles, the fabrication of a self-powered electronic skin (e-skin) that simultaneously mimics SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors is a prime need for robots and artificial prosthetics to interact with the surrounding environment. However, the complex process of merging multimode sensors to mimic SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors hinders their utilization in e-skins. We proposed SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors based on n-type and semi-insulating GaN nanowire arrays. The SA- and RA-mechanoreceptors demonstrated distinguished features such as grasping of objects and detection of their surface textures. Based on piezoelectric sensing principles, the proposed e-skin can simultaneously mimic static and dynamic pressure signals. Mechanoreceptors further detected several stimuli of various pressures with low and high frequencies. The response and reset times showed by SA-mechanoreceptors were 11 and 18 ms under 1-Hz frequency, which are rapid enough for practical e-skin applications.

人体皮肤包含缓慢适应 (SA) 和快速适应 (RA) 的机械感受器，它们对外部刺激的反应不同。基于人类触觉感知原理，制造同时模仿 SA 和 RA 机械感受器的自供电电子皮肤 (e-skin) 是机器人和人造假肢与周围环境交互的首要需求。然而，合并多模传感器以模拟 SA 和 RA 机械感受器的复杂过程阻碍了它们在电子皮肤中的应用。我们提出了基于 n 型和半绝缘 GaN 纳米线阵列的 SA 和 RA 机械感受器。SA 和 RA 机械感受器表现出显着的特征，例如抓握物体和检测其表面纹理。基于压电传感原理，所提出的电子皮肤可以同时模拟静态和动态压力信号。机械感受器进一步检测到低频和高频的各种压力的几种刺激。SA 机械感受器显示的响应和重置时间在 1 Hz 频率下分别为 11 和 18 ms，这对于实际电子皮肤应用来说已经足够快了。