Fire simulation models are useful to advance fire research and improve landscape management. However, a better understanding of these tools is crucial to increase their reliability and expansion into research fields where their application remains limited (e.g., ecosystem services). We evaluated several components of the BFOLDS Fire Regime Module and then tested its ability to simulate fire regime attributes in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape. Based on model outputs, we assessed the landscape fire regulation capacity over time and its implications for supporting the climate regulation ecosystem service. We found that input data quality and the adjustment of fuel and fire behaviour parameters are crucial to accurately emulating key fire regime attributes. Besides, the high predictive capacity shown by BFOLDS-FRM allows to reliably inform the planning and sustainable management of fire-prone mountainous areas of the Mediterranean. Moreover, we identified and discussed modelling limitations and made recommendations to improve future model applications.

火灾模拟模型有助于推进火灾研究和改善景观管理。然而，更好地理解这些工具对于提高它们的可靠性并扩展到其应用仍然有限的研究领域（例如，生态系统服务）至关重要。我们评估了 BFOLDS 火灾制度模块的几个组件，然后测试了它在地中海山区景观中模拟火灾制度属性的能力。根据模型输出，我们评估了景观火灾调节能力随时间的变化及其对支持气候调节生态系统服务的影响。我们发现输入数据质量以及燃料和火灾行为参数的调整对于准确模拟关键火灾状态属性至关重要。除了，BFOLDS-FRM 显示的高预测能力允许可靠地为地中海易发生火灾的山区的规划和可持续管理提供信息。此外，我们确定并讨论了建模限制，并提出了改进未来模型应用的建议。