Non-equilibrium assemblies, where units are able to harness available energy to perform tasks, can often self-organize into dynamic materials that uniquely blend structure with functionality and responsiveness to their environment. The integration of similar features in photonic materials remains challenging but is desirable to manufacture active, adaptive and autonomous photonic devices. Here we show the self-organization of programmable random lasers from the reversible out-of-equilibrium self-assembly of colloids. The random lasing originates from the optical amplification of light undergoing multiple scattering within the dissipative colloidal assemblies and therefore depends crucially on their self-organization behaviour. Under external light stimuli, these dynamic random lasers are responsive and present a continuously tuneable laser threshold. They can therefore reconfigure and cooperate by emulating the ever-evolving spatiotemporal relationship between structure and functionality that is typical of many non-equilibrium assemblies.

非平衡组件，其中单元能够利用可用能量来执行任务，通常可以自组织成动态材料，将结构与功能和对其环境的响应性独特地融合在一起。在光子材料中集成类似特征仍然具有挑战性，但对于制造有源、自适应和自主的光子器件来说是可取的。在这里，我们展示了来自胶体的可逆失平衡自组装的可编程随机激光器的自组织。随机激光起源于在耗散胶体组件内经历多次散射的光的光学放大，因此关键取决于它们的自组织行为。在外界光刺激下，这些动态随机激光器具有响应性并呈现连续可调的激光阈值。因此，它们可以通过模拟许多非平衡组件典型的结构和功能之间不断发展的时空关系来重新配置和合作。