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Neutralizing antibody activity against 21 SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults vaccinated with BNT162b2
Nature Microbiology ( IF 20.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-14 , DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01163-3
Joseph Newman 1 , Nazia Thakur 1, 2 , Thomas P Peacock 3, 4 , Dagmara Bialy 1 , Ahmed M E Elrefaey 1 , Carlijn Bogaardt 5 , Daniel L Horton 5 , Sammy Ho 4 , Thivya Kankeyan 4 , Christine Carr 4 , Katja Hoschler 4 , Wendy S Barclay 3 , Gayatri Amirthalingam 4 , Kevin E Brown 4 , Bryan Charleston 1 , Dalan Bailey 1
Affiliation  

SARS-CoV-2 variants may threaten the effectiveness of vaccines and antivirals to mitigate serious COVID-19 disease. This is of most concern in clinically vulnerable groups such as older adults. We analysed 72 sera samples from 37 individuals, aged 70–89 years, vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) 3 weeks apart, for neutralizing antibody responses to wildtype SARS-CoV-2. Between 3 and 20 weeks after the second vaccine dose, neutralizing antibody titres fell 4.9-fold to a median titre of 21.3 (neutralization dose 80%), with 21.6% of individuals having no detectable neutralizing antibodies at the later time point. Next, we examined neutralization of 21 distinct SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins with these sera, and confirmed substantial antigenic escape, especially for the Omicron (B.1.1.529, BA.1/BA.2), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), Theta (P.3), C.1.2 and B.1.638 spike variants. By combining pseudotype neutralization with specific receptor-binding domain (RBD) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we showed that changes to position 484 in the spike RBD were mainly responsible for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody escape. Nineteen sera from the same individuals boosted with a third dose of BNT162b2 contained higher neutralizing antibody titres, providing cross-protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Despite SARS-CoV-2 immunity waning over time in older adults, booster vaccines can elicit broad neutralizing antibodies against a large number of SARS-CoV-2 variants in this clinically vulnerable cohort.



中文翻译:

在接种 BNT162b2 的老年人中中和针对 21 种 SARS-CoV-2 变体的抗体活性

SARS-CoV-2 变体可能会威胁到疫苗和抗病毒药物缓解严重 COVID-19 疾病的有效性。这是老年人等临床弱势群体最关心的问题。我们分析了 37 名年龄在 70-89 岁之间的人的 72 份血清样本,他们间隔 3 周接种了两剂 BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech),以中和对野生型 SARS-CoV-2 的抗体反应。在第二剂疫苗接种后 3 至 20 周之间,中和抗体滴度下降 4.9 倍,中值滴度为 21.3(中和剂量 80%),21.6% 的个体在后期没有检测到中和抗体。接下来,我们检测了这些血清对 21 种不同的 SARS-CoV-2 变异刺突蛋白的中和作用,并证实了大量抗原逃逸,特别是对于 Omicron (B.1.1.529, BA.1/BA.2)、Beta (B. 1.351),三角洲(B.1。617.2)、Theta (P.3)、C.1.2 和 B.1.638 尖峰变体。通过将假型中和与特异性受体结合域 (RBD) 酶联免疫吸附试验相结合,我们发现刺突 RBD 中 484 位的变化主要是导致 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体逃逸的原因。来自用第三剂 BNT162b2 加强的同一个体的 19 份血清含有更高的中和抗体滴度,提供针对 Omicron BA.1 和 BA.2 的交叉保护。尽管老年人对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫力随着时间的推移而减弱,但在这个临床易受攻击的人群中,加强疫苗可以引发针对大量 SARS-CoV-2 变体的广泛中和抗体。我们发现,刺突 RBD 中 484 位的变化主要是导致 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体逃逸的原因。来自用第三剂 BNT162b2 加强的同一个体的 19 份血清含有更高的中和抗体滴度,提供针对 Omicron BA.1 和 BA.2 的交叉保护。尽管老年人对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫力随着时间的推移而减弱,但在这个临床易受攻击的人群中,加强疫苗可以引发针对大量 SARS-CoV-2 变体的广泛中和抗体。我们发现,刺突 RBD 中 484 位的变化主要是导致 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体逃逸的原因。来自用第三剂 BNT162b2 加强的同一个体的 19 份血清含有更高的中和抗体滴度,提供针对 Omicron BA.1 和 BA.2 的交叉保护。尽管老年人对 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫力随着时间的推移而减弱,但在这个临床易受攻击的人群中,加强疫苗可以引发针对大量 SARS-CoV-2 变体的广泛中和抗体。

更新日期:2022-07-15
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