How gender role attitudes develop during adolescence, and how biological, social, and cognitive factors predict this development, remains a matter of debate. This study examines the development of gender role attitudes from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and investigates how the developmental trajectory is affected by sex, socioeconomic status, and cognitive abilities (intelligence). Four waves of the large-scale longitudinal German dataset BIJU between 1991 (grade 7; N = 3828, M_age = 13, SD = 0.61, 53.1% female, 96.4% German nationality), 1995 (grade 10, M_age = 17), 1997 (grade 12, M_age = 19) and 2001/2002 (university/career entry, M_age = 24) were used. Measurement invariance was examined across waves and gender. Latent growth curve models showed that adolescents developed more egalitarian gender role attitudes. Differences between the sexes decreased over time but remained significant. Socioeconomic status seemed less relevant, while adolescents, especially those with lower intelligence scores, developed more egalitarian gender role attitudes during adolescence. The results showed that teenagers developed more open and egalitarian attitudes during adolescence, and that the development trajectories of female and male adolescents converge.

青春期性别角色态度如何发展，以及生物、社会和认知因素如何预测这种发展，仍然是一个有争议的问题。本研究考察了从青春期早期到成年期的性别角色态度的发展，并调查了性别、社会经济地位和认知能力（智力）如何影响发展轨迹。1991 年（7 年级； N = 3828，M_年龄= 13，SD = 0.61，53.1% 女性，96.4% 德国籍），1995 年（10 年级，M_年龄= 17）之间的四波大规模纵向数据集, 1997 (12 年级, M_年龄= 19) 和 2001/2002 (大学/职业入学, M_年龄= 24) 被使用。跨波和性别检查测量不变性。潜在增长曲线模型表明，青少年发展出更加平等的性别角色态度。两性之间的差异随着时间的推移而减少，但仍然显着。社会经济地位似乎不太相关，而青少年，尤其是智力得分较低的青少年，在青春期发展出更加平等的性别角色态度。结果表明，青少年在青春期形成了更加开放和平等的态度，女性和男性青少年的发展轨迹趋同。