Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that limits food consumption to a specific time window each day. The effect of TRE on body weight and physiological functions has been extensively studied in rodent models, which have shown considerable therapeutic effects of TRE and important interactions among time of eating, circadian biology and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding the effect of TRE in people because of the heterogeneity in results, TRE regimens, and study populations. In this review, we: i) provide a background of the history of meal consumption in people and the normal physiology of eating and fasting; ii) discuss the interaction between circadian molecular metabolism and TRE; iii) integrate the results of preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of TRE on body weight and physiological functions; iv) summarize other time-related dietary interventions that have been studied in people; and v) identify current gaps in knowledge and provide a framework for future research directions.

中文翻译：

---

限时饮食的复杂生理学和临床意义


限时饮食（TRE）是一种饮食干预措施，将每天的食物摄入量限制在特定的时间范围内。 TRE 对体重和生理功能的影响已在啮齿动物模型中得到广泛研究，这些模型显示了 TRE 的显着治疗效果以及进食时间、昼夜节律生物学和代谢稳态之间的重要相互作用。相比之下，由于结果、TRE 方案和研究人群的异质性，很难就 TRE 对人类的影响得出明确的结论。在这篇综述中，我们：i）提供了人们膳食消费历史以及进食和禁食的正常生理学的背景； ii) 讨论昼夜分子代谢与 TRE 之间的相互作用； iii) 整合评估 TRE 对体重和生理功能影响的临床前和临床研究结果； iv) 总结已在人体中研究的其他与时间相关的饮食干预措施； v) 确定当前的知识差距并为未来的研究方向提供框架。