Metal halide perovskite solar cells have made significant breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency and operational stability in the last decade, thanks to the advancement of perovskite deposition methods. Solution-based methods have been intensively investigated and deliver record efficiencies. On the other hand, vapor deposition-based and assisted methods were less studied in the early years but have received more attention recently due to their great potential toward large-area solar module manufacturing and high batch-to-batch reproducibility. In addition, an in-depth understanding of perovskite crystallization kinetics during the vapor deposition based and assisted process allows increasing perovskite deposition rate and enhancing perovskite quality. In this review, the advances in vapor-based and assisted methods for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells are introduced. The quality of the perovskite layers (i.e., morphology, crystallinity, defect chemistry, carrier lifetime) fabricated by different methods is compared. The limitations of state-of-the-art vapor-deposited perovskite layers are discussed. Finally, insights into the engineering of vapor deposition based and assisted perovskite layers toward efficient and stable perovskite solar cells and modules are provided.

中文翻译：

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基于气相沉积和辅助方法的钙钛矿太阳能电池

由于钙钛矿沉积方法的进步，金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池在过去十年中在功率转换效率和运行稳定性方面取得了重大突破。基于解决方案的方法已经过深入研究并提供了创纪录的效率。另一方面，基于气相沉积和辅助方法的研究在早期较少，但由于它们在大面积太阳能组件制造方面的巨大潜力和高批次间的可重复性，最近受到了更多的关注。此外，在基于气相沉积和辅助过程中深入了解钙钛矿结晶动力学可以提高钙钛矿沉积速率并提高钙钛矿质量。在这篇评论中，介绍了用于制造钙钛矿太阳能电池的蒸汽基和辅助方法的进展。比较了通过不同方法制造的钙钛矿层的质量（即形态、结晶度、缺陷化学、载流子寿命）。讨论了最先进的气相沉积钙钛矿层的局限性。最后，提供了对基于气相沉积和辅助钙钛矿层的工程设计以实现高效和稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池和模块的见解。