Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials constitute one of the most advanced research targets in materials science and engineering in this century. Among various methods for the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, including top-down exfoliation and bottom-up crystal growth, chemical exfoliation has been widely used to yield monolayers of various layered compounds, such as clay minerals, transition metal chalcogenides (TMDCs), and oxides, long before the discovery of graphene. Soft chemical exfoliation is a technique to weaken the layer-to-layer interaction in layered compounds by chemical modification of interlayer galleries, which promotes monolayer exfoliation. The chemical exfoliation process using organic substances, typically amines, has been applied to a range of layered metal oxides and hydroxides for two decades, establishing high-yield exfoliation into their highly crystalline monolayers and colloidal integration processes have been developed to assemble the resultant 2D nanomaterials into well-organized nanoscale devices. Recently, such a strategy was found to be effective for TMDC and MXene nanosheets, expanding the lineup of functionalities of solution-processed 2D nanomaterial devices from dielectrics, optics, magnetics, and semiconductors to superconductors. Throughout this review, we share the historical research flow, recent progress, and prospects in the development of soft-chemical exfoliation, colloidal integration, and thin film applications of oxides, TMDC, and MXene nanosheets.

中文翻译：

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用于纳米电子学的化学剥离无机纳米片

二维（2D）纳米材料是本世纪材料科学与工程领域最前沿的研究目标之一。在二维纳米材料的各种合成方法中，包括自上而下的剥离和自下而上的晶体生长，化学剥离已被广泛用于产生各种层状化合物的单层，如粘土矿物、过渡金属硫族化物 (TMDC) 和氧化物，早在发现石墨烯之前。软化学剥离是一种通过层间廊道的化学修饰来削弱层状化合物中层与层相互作用的技术，从而促进单层剥离。二十年来，使用有机物质（通常是胺）的化学剥离工艺已应用于一系列层状金属氧化物和氢氧化物，在其高度结晶的单层中建立高产剥离，并开发了胶体整合工艺，以将所得二维纳米材料组装成组织良好的纳米级设备。最近，这种策略被发现对 TMDC 和 MXene 纳米片有效，将溶液处理的 2D 纳米材料器件的功能范围从电介质、光学、磁性和半导体扩展到超导体。在这篇综述中，我们分享了氧化物、TMDC 和 MXene 纳米片的软化学剥离、胶体整合和薄膜应用开发的历史研究流程、最新进展和前景。