Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have aroused extraordinary interest due to the unique physical and chemical properties. Combining UCNPs with other functional materials to construct nanocomposites and achieve synergistic effect abound recently, and the resulting nanocomposites have shown great potentials in various fields based on the specific design and components. This review presents a summary of diverse designs and synthesis strategies of UCNPs-based nanocomposites, including self-assembly, in-situ growth and epitaxial growth, as well as the emerging applications in bioimaging, cancer treatments, anti-counterfeiting, and photocatalytic fields. We then discuss the challenges, opportunities, and development tendency for developing UCNPs-based nanocomposites.

镧系元素掺杂的上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）由于其独特的物理和化学性质引起了人们的极大兴趣。近年来，将UCNPs与其他功能材料结合构建纳米复合材料并实现协同效应比比皆是，所得到的纳米复合材料基于特定的设计和组成，在各个领域都显示出巨大的潜力。本综述总结了基于 UCNPs 的纳米复合材料的多种设计和合成策略，包括自组装、原位生长和外延生长，以及在生物成像、癌症治疗、防伪和光催化领域的新兴应用。然后，我们讨论了开发基于 UCNPs 的纳米复合材料的挑战、机遇和发展趋势。