Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant chronic disease of childhood and a rising public health burden worldwide. ECC may cause a higher risk of new caries lesions in both primary and permanent dentition, affecting lifelong oral health. The occurrence of ECC has been closely related to the core microbiome change in the oral cavity, which may be influenced by diet habits, oral health management, fluoride use, and dental manipulations. So, it is essential to improve parental oral health and awareness of health care, to establish a dental home at the early stage of childhood, and make an individualized caries management plan. Dental interventions according to the minimally invasive concept should be carried out to treat dental caries. This expert consensus mainly discusses the etiology of ECC, caries-risk assessment of children, prevention and treatment plan of ECC, aiming to achieve lifelong oral health.

儿童早期龋齿（ECC）是一种重要的儿童慢性疾病，也是全球日益严重的公共卫生负担。ECC 可能会导致乳牙列和恒牙列出现新龋齿病变的风险更高，影响终生口腔健康。ECC的发生与口腔核心微生物群的变化密切相关，而口腔核心微生物群的变化可能受到饮食习惯、口腔健康管理、氟化物使用和牙科操作的影响。因此，提高家长的口腔健康和保健意识，在儿童早期建立牙科之家，制定个体化的龋齿管理计划至关重要。应根据微创理念进行牙科干预治疗龋齿。该专家共识主要讨论了ECC的病因、儿童龋齿风险评估、ECC的预防和治疗方案，旨在实现终身口腔健康。