To further clarify differences in the risk for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection (NTM-PI) among ethnic populations in Hawaii, USA, we conducted a retrospective cohort study among beneficiaries of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii (KPH). We abstracted demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and microbiological data from KPH electronic health records for 2005–2019. An NTM-PI case-patient was defined as a person from whom >1 NTM pulmonary isolate was obtained. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate incidence of NTM-PI while controlling for confounders. Across ethnic groups, risk for NTM-PI was higher among persons who were underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m²). Among beneficiaries who self-identified as any Asian ethnicity, risk for incident NTM-PI was increased by 30%. Low BMI may increase susceptibility to NTM-PI, and risk may be higher for persons who self-identify as Asian, independent of BMI.

为了进一步阐明美国夏威夷少数民族人群中非结核性分枝杆菌肺部感染 (NTM-PI) 风险的差异，我们在 Kaiser Permanente Hawaii (KPH) 的受益人中进行了一项回顾性队列研究。我们从 KPH 电子健康记录中提取了 2005-2019 年的人口统计、社会经济、临床和微生物学数据。NTM-PI 病例患者被定义为从中获得> 1 个 NTM 肺分离物的人。我们进行 Cox 比例风险回归以估计 NTM-PI 的发生率，同时控制混杂因素。在不同种族群体中，体重过轻（体重指数 [BMI] <18.5 kg/m ^{2 ）的人患 NTM-PI 的风险更高}）。在自我认定为任何亚洲种族的受益人中，发生 NTM-PI 的风险增加了 30%。低 BMI 可能会增加对 NTM-PI 的易感性，并且对于自我认定为亚洲人、独立于 BMI 的人来说风险可能更高。