Abstract

Electrochemistry forms the base of large-scale production of various materials, encompassing numerous applications in metallurgical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and material science. This field is important for energy harvesting applications, especially supercapacitors (SCs) and photovoltaic (PV) devices. This review examines various electrochemical techniques employed to fabricate and characterize PV devices and SCs. Fabricating these energy harvesting devices is carried out by electrochemical methods, including electroreduction, electrocoagulation, sol-gel process, hydrothermal growth, spray pyrolysis, template-assisted growth, and electrodeposition. The characterization techniques used are cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoelectrochemical characterization, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and I–V curve. A study on different recently reported materials is also presented to analyze their performance in various energy harvesting applications regarding their efficiency, fill factor, power density, and energy density. In addition, a comparative study of electrochemical fabrication techniques with others (including physical vapor deposition, mechanical milling, laser ablation, and centrifugal spinning) has been conducted. The various challenges of electrochemistry in PVs and SCs are also highlighted. This review also emphasizes the future perspectives of electrochemistry in energy harvesting applications.

摘要

电化学形成了各种材料大规模生产的基础，包括冶金工程、化学工程、电气工程和材料科学中的众多应用。该领域对于能量收集应用非常重要，尤其是超级电容器 (SC) 和光伏 (PV) 设备。本综述探讨了用于制造和表征光伏器件和 SC 的各种电化学技术。制造这些能量收集装置是通过电化学方法进行的，包括电还原、电凝聚、溶胶-凝胶工艺、水热生长、喷雾热解、模板辅助生长和电沉积。使用的表征技术是循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱、光电化学表征、恒电流充放电和 I-V 曲线。还对最近报道的不同材料进行了研究，以分析它们在各种能量收集应用中的性能，包括其效率、填充因子、功率密度和能量密度。此外，还对电化学制造技术与其他技术（包括物理气相沉积、机械铣削、激光烧蚀和离心旋转）进行了比较研究。还强调了 PV 和 SC 中电化学的各种挑战。本综述还强调了电化学在能量收集应用中的未来前景。功率密度和能量密度。此外，还对电化学制造技术与其他技术（包括物理气相沉积、机械铣削、激光烧蚀和离心旋转）进行了比较研究。还强调了 PV 和 SC 中电化学的各种挑战。本综述还强调了电化学在能量收集应用中的未来前景。功率密度和能量密度。此外，还对电化学制造技术与其他技术（包括物理气相沉积、机械铣削、激光烧蚀和离心旋转）进行了比较研究。还强调了 PV 和 SC 中电化学的各种挑战。本综述还强调了电化学在能量收集应用中的未来前景。