Polarimetric studies are an important source of information about the physical properties of celestial bodies. In 2018, we put into operation the new two-channel polarimeters in the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and the Peak Terskol Observatory. With the help of these instruments, in the period from 2018 to 2020, we carried out measurements of the polarization characteristics of 19 comets. Based on these data, we obtained the phase dependences of linear polarization degree of comets in the R, V, and I broadband filters. We approximate the polarization curves by a trigonometric expression. It was found that in the region of negative polarization, the phase curves of polarization in all three filters practically coincide. We also found that there is a noticeable difference in the degree of linear polarization between short-period and long-period comets. The polarization minimum of short-period comets is almost twice as high as that of long-period comets. It is shown, that for the interpretation of observational data, multispectral observations in at least three different spectral ranges are required. Moreover, for a reliable interpretation of observations, model particles with internal porosity should be used.

旋光研究是有关天体物理特性的重要信息来源。2018 年，我们在克里米亚天体物理天文台和特尔斯科尔峰天文台的新型双通道旋光仪投入使用。在这些仪器的帮助下，2018-2020年间，我们对19颗彗星的偏振特性进行了测量。基于这些数据，我们得到了彗星线偏振度在 R、V 和 I 宽带滤波器中的相位依赖性。我们通过三角表达式来近似极化曲线。发现在负极化区域，所有三个滤光片的极化相位曲线实际上是一致的。我们还发现，短周期彗星和长周期彗星的线极化程度存在明显差异。短周期彗星的极化最小值几乎是长周期彗星的两倍. 结果表明，为了解释观测数据，需要在至少三个不同光谱范围内进行多光谱观测。此外，为了可靠地解释观测结果，应使用具有内部孔隙度的模型粒子。