Ciprofloxacin (CIP) a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is used extensively for the treatment of diverse infections and diseases of bacteria origin, and this includes infections caused by E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA. This extensive use of CIP has therefore led to an increase in resistance by these infection causing organisms. Nano delivery systems has recently proven to be a possible solution to resistance to these organisms. They have been applied as a strategy to improve the target specificity of CIP against infections and diseases caused by these organisms, thereby maximising the efficacy of CIP to overcome the resistance. Herein, we proffer a brief overview of the mechanisms of resistance; the causes of resistance; and the various approaches employed to overcome this resistance. The review then proceeds to critically evaluate various nano delivery systems including inorganic based nanoparticles; lipid-based nanoparticles; capsules, dendrimers, hydrogels, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles; and others; that have been applied for the delivery of CIP against E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA infections. Finally, the review highlights future areas of research, for the optimisation of various nano delivery systems, to maximise the therapeutic efficacy of CIP against these organisms. This review confirms the potential of nano delivery systems, for addressing the challenges of resistance to caused by E. coli; P. aeruginosa; S. aureus; and MRSA to CIP.

环丙沙星 (CIP) 是一种广谱抗生素，广泛用于治疗各种感染和细菌来源的疾病，其中包括由大肠杆菌引起的感染；铜绿假单胞菌；金黄色葡萄球菌; 和 MRSA。因此，CIP 的广泛使用导致这些引起感染的生物体的抗性增加。纳米递送系统最近已被证明是抵抗这些生物体的一种可能的解决方案。它们已被用作提高 CIP 针对由这些生物体引起的感染和疾病的靶向特异性的策略，从而最大限度地提高 CIP 克服耐药性的功效。在此，我们简要概述了耐药机制；抵抗的原因；以及用于克服这种阻力的各种方法。然后，审查继续批判性地评估各种纳米递送系统，包括基于无机的纳米粒子；基于脂质的纳米颗粒；胶囊、树枝状大分子、水凝胶、胶束和聚合物纳米颗粒；和别的;大肠杆菌；铜绿假单胞菌；金黄色葡萄球菌；和 MRSA 感染。最后，该综述强调了未来的研究领域，以优化各种纳米递送系统，以最大限度地提高 CIP 对这些生物体的治疗效果。本综述证实了纳米递送系统在应对大肠杆菌耐药性挑战方面的潜力；铜绿假单胞菌；金黄色葡萄球菌；和 MRSA 到 CIP。