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A Nazi Rescuer? Fritz Schellhorn and the Contested Memory of the Holocaust in Romania
Holocaust and Genocide Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-11 , DOI: 10.1093/hgs/dcac030
Gaëlle Fisher 1
Affiliation  

This study addresses the role of Fritz Schellhorn, the German consul in Cernăuţi (Czernowitz), Romania before and during World War II. Recently Schellhorn has been presented as a rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust. Based largely on Schellhorn’s papers in the German Foreign Office Archives, some have argued that it was not, as previously believed, the wartime mayor and Righteous Among the Nations Traian Popovici, but Schellhorn, who prevented the deportation of 20,000 of Cernăuţi’s Jews by the Romanians during World War II. The following suggests that Schellhorn occupied a more ambivalent position. First, it argues that his actions should be considered in light of power and interethnic relations in the region. Second, it shows that Schellhorn’s legacy includes a decades-long struggle to obstruct the compensation of many Romanian Holocaust survivors by West Germany. Emphasizing Romania’s sole responsibility for the crimes, Schellhorn engaged in a range of postwar interactions—sometimes public, sometimes hostile—with Jewish survivors he had helped and others he had not. The article thus examines Schellhorn’s wartime and postwar activities anew. For one thing, it places these against the backdrop of the Holocaust in Romania’s particular dynamics and contested aftermath. But beyond this, it contributes to the debate over the static labels used to categorize people’s behaviors during the Holocaust and thereby explores the wider and complex links between history, memory, and reckoning.

中文翻译:

纳粹救援者?弗里茨·谢尔霍恩和罗马尼亚大屠杀的有争议的记忆

本研究探讨二战前和二战期间德国驻罗马尼亚切尔诺乌茨 (Czernowitz) 领事弗里茨·谢尔霍恩 (Fritz Schellhorn) 的角色。最近,谢尔霍恩被介绍为大屠杀期间犹太人的拯救者。主要基于谢尔霍恩在德国外交部档案中的文件,一些人认为,不是像之前认为的那样,战时市长和国际义人特雷安·波波维奇,而是谢尔霍恩阻止了罗马尼亚人驱逐 20,000 名 Cernăuţi 的犹太人二战期间。以下表明谢尔霍恩占据了一个更加矛盾的位置。首先,它认为他的行为应该根据该地区的权力和种族关系来考虑。第二,它表明,谢尔霍恩的遗产包括长达数十年的斗争,以阻挠西德对许多罗马尼亚大屠杀幸存者的赔偿。强调罗马尼亚对这些罪行负有全部责任,谢尔霍恩与他帮助过的和没有帮助过的其他犹太幸存者进行了一系列战后互动——有时是公开的,有时是敌对的。因此,本文重新审视了谢尔霍恩的战时和战后活动。一方面,它将这些置于大屠杀的背景下,罗马尼亚的特殊动态和有争议的后果。但除此之外,它还促成了关于用于对大屠杀期间人们的行为进行分类的静态标签的辩论,从而探索了历史、记忆和清算之间更广泛和复杂的联系。谢尔霍恩与他帮助过的犹太幸存者和他没有帮助过的其他犹太幸存者进行了一系列战后互动——有时是公开的,有时是敌对的。因此,本文重新审视了谢尔霍恩的战时和战后活动。一方面,它将这些置于大屠杀的背景下,罗马尼亚的特殊动态和有争议的后果。但除此之外,它还促成了关于用于对大屠杀期间人们的行为进行分类的静态标签的辩论,从而探索了历史、记忆和清算之间更广泛和复杂的联系。谢尔霍恩与他帮助过的犹太幸存者和他没有帮助过的其他犹太幸存者进行了一系列战后互动——有时是公开的,有时是敌对的。因此,本文重新审视了谢尔霍恩的战时和战后活动。一方面,它将这些置于大屠杀的背景下,罗马尼亚的特殊动态和有争议的后果。但除此之外,它还促成了关于用于对大屠杀期间人们的行为进行分类的静态标签的辩论,从而探索了历史、记忆和清算之间更广泛和复杂的联系。它将这些置于大屠杀的背景下,罗马尼亚的特殊动态和有争议的后果。但除此之外,它还促成了关于用于对大屠杀期间人们的行为进行分类的静态标签的辩论,从而探索了历史、记忆和清算之间更广泛和复杂的联系。它将这些置于大屠杀的背景下,罗马尼亚的特殊动态和有争议的后果。但除此之外,它还促成了关于用于对大屠杀期间人们的行为进行分类的静态标签的辩论,从而探索了历史、记忆和清算之间更广泛和复杂的联系。
更新日期:2022-07-11
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