Sports Medicine ( IF 9.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01727-7 Jeffrey A Rothschild 1 , Andrew E Kilding 1 , Tom Stewart 1 , Daniel J Plews 1
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Background
Multiple factors influence substrate oxidation during exercise including exercise duration and intensity, sex, and dietary intake before and during exercise. However, the relative influence and interaction between these factors is unclear.
Objectives
Our aim was to investigate factors influencing the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during continuous exercise and formulate multivariable regression models to determine which factors best explain RER during exercise, as well as their relative influence.
Methods
Data were extracted from 434 studies reporting RER during continuous cycling exercise. General linear mixed-effect models were used to determine relationships between RER and factors purported to influence RER (e.g., exercise duration and intensity, muscle glycogen, dietary intake, age, and sex), and to examine which factors influenced RER, with standardized coefficients used to assess their relative influence.
Results
The RER decreases with exercise duration, dietary fat intake, age, VO2max, and percentage of type I muscle fibers, and increases with dietary carbohydrate intake, exercise intensity, male sex, and carbohydrate intake before and during exercise. The modelling could explain up to 59% of the variation in RER, and a model using exclusively easily modified factors (exercise duration and intensity, and dietary intake before and during exercise) could only explain 36% of the variation in RER. Variables with the largest effect on RER were sex, dietary intake, and exercise duration. Among the diet-related factors, daily fat and carbohydrate intake have a larger influence than carbohydrate ingestion during exercise.
Conclusion
Variability in RER during exercise cannot be fully accounted for by models incorporating a range of participant, diet, exercise, and physiological characteristics. To better understand what influences substrate oxidation during exercise further research is required on older subjects and females, and on other factors that could explain additional variability in RER.
中文翻译：
次最大循环过程中影响底物氧化的因素：建模分析
背景
运动期间影响底物氧化的因素有多种，包括运动持续时间和强度、性别以及运动前和运动期间的饮食摄入量。然而，这些因素之间的相对影响和相互作用尚不清楚。
目标
我们的目的是调查影响连续运动期间呼吸交换比 (RER) 的因素，并制定多变量回归模型，以确定哪些因素最能解释运动期间的 RER 及其相对影响。
方法
数据提取自 434 项报告连续骑行运动期间 RER 的研究。一般线性混合效应模型用于确定 RER 和据称影响 RER 的因素（例如运动持续时间和强度、肌糖原、饮食摄入量、年龄和性别）之间的关系，并使用标准化系数检查哪些因素影响 RER用于评估它们的相对影响力。
结果
RER 随着运动持续时间、膳食脂肪摄入量、年龄、VO 2max和 I 型肌纤维百分比而降低，并随着膳食碳水化合物摄入量、运动强度、男性性别和运动前和运动期间碳水化合物摄入量而增加。该模型可以解释高达 59% 的 RER 变化，而仅使用易于修改的因素（运动持续时间和强度、运动前和运动期间的饮食摄入量）的模型只能解释 36% 的 RER 变化。对 RER 影响最大的变量是性别、饮食摄入量和运动持续时间。在饮食相关因素中，日常脂肪和碳水化合物的摄入量比运动时碳水化合物的摄入量影响更大。
结论
包含一系列参与者、饮食、运动和生理特征的模型无法完全解释运动期间 RER 的变化。为了更好地了解运动过程中影响底物氧化的因素，需要对老年受试者和女性以及可以解释 RER 额外变异的其他因素进行进一步研究。
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