Green revolution has resulted substantial increase in the agricultural production. However, increase in the crop productivity during the post-green revolution period has been suggested as the reason for the gradual deterioration of the nutritional quality, particularly in the elite high-yielding cereal crops. Consequences of the poor nutritional supply led to retarded growth and anemia, frequently diagnosed among children and women. Several approaches have been employed to improve the nutritional supply to consumers such as dietary diversification, supplemental food fortification, industrial fortification of food items and dairy products. However, the biofortification of major cereal crops has been sought as the most economical and sustainable approach to address widespread malnutrition. Though crop nutrient dynamics is complex, which involves multiple physiological and molecular processes, the progress in genomics-assisted breeding and high-throughput plant phenotyping has opened new opportunities to improve crops with high yield and nutrition. Nevertheless, an integrated approach is warranted by combining microbial-assisted augmented nutritional supply with conventional and advanced breeding approaches for biofortification. This review majorly focuses on major challenges in breeding nutrient rich crops and discusses opportunities, which can help in achieving nutrient-rich crops in future.

绿色革命使农业生产大幅度增加。然而，后绿色革命时期作物生产力的提高被认为是营养质量逐渐恶化的原因，特别是在高产的优质谷类作物中。营养供应不足的后果导致生长迟缓和贫血，儿童和妇女经常被诊断出来。已经采用了几种方法来改善对消费者的营养供应，例如饮食多样化、补充食品强化、食品和乳制品的工业强化。然而，主要谷类作物的生物强化已被视为解决普遍营养不良问题的最经济和可持续的方法。尽管作物养分动态很复杂，这涉及多个生理和分子过程，基因组学辅助育种和高通量植物表型分析的进展为改良作物的高产和高营养开辟了新机遇。尽管如此，通过将微生物辅助的增强营养供应与传统和先进的生物强化育种方法相结合，需要一种综合方法。本综述主要关注育种营养丰富作物的主要挑战并讨论机会，这些机会有助于未来实现营养丰富的作物。通过将微生物辅助的增强营养供应与传统和先进的生物强化育种方法相结合，需要一种综合方法。本综述主要关注育种营养丰富作物的主要挑战并讨论机会，这些机会有助于未来实现营养丰富的作物。通过将微生物辅助的增强营养供应与传统和先进的生物强化育种方法相结合，需要一种综合方法。本综述主要关注育种营养丰富作物的主要挑战并讨论机会，这些机会有助于未来实现营养丰富的作物。