Dynamical responses of vibratory compaction are the basis for extracting compaction indexes in intelligent compaction (IC) technology. However, dynamical response characteristics and its variation mechanisms have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, a vibratory compaction model was built utilizing finite element (FE) method to observe the characteristics, and nonlinear system theory was introduced to explain the variation mechanisms. The results showed that the dynamical responses varied greatly in different stages, and five operation modes can be classified accordingly. These modes originated from the bifurcation phenomena caused by the enhancement of decoupling nonlinearity between drum and soil. In addition, the variation trend of compaction indexes differed in different modes. These results facilitated to understand the connotation of dynamical response characteristics and laid a foundation for further feedback control technology. The further research can focus on exploring the method of adjusting roller working parameters to achieve an optimal operation mode.

振动压实的动力响应是智能压实（IC）技术中提取压实指标的基础。然而，动态响应特性及其变化机制尚未得到充分研究。本研究利用有限元（FE）方法建立振动压实模型来观察其特性，并引入非线性系统理论来解释其变化机制。结果表明，不同阶段的动力响应变化很大，可据此划分出五种运行模式。这些模式起源于鼓与土壤之间的解耦非线性增强引起的分叉现象。此外，不同模式下压实指标的变化趋势不同。这些结果有助于理解动态响应特性的内涵，为进一步的反馈控制技术奠定了基础。进一步的研究可以重点探索调整轧辊工作参数的方法，以达到最优的运行模式。