Although the heterogeneous reactions of toluene significantly affect the atmospheric environment, less attention has been paid to the effects of O₃, light illumination, and relative humidity on the formation of N-containing organic compounds (NOC) on nanoparticles. In this study, combined effects on the heterogeneous reactions of toluene/NO₂/O₃ on α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were investigated by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The results show that the addition of O₃ to the toluene/NO₂ reaction system can promote the formation processes of NOC. More toluene radicals can be formed and oxidized by the reactive oxidant species to form benzyl nitrate on the particle surface. In addition, simulated light illumination can enhance the heterogeneous conversion of toluene to NOC which may be due to the excitation effect of the photoactive properties of α-Fe₂O₃ and the intermediate product. However, increasing the relative humidity (RH) is unfavorable for NOC formation as a result of competitive effects on reactive sites and reduction of the formation of oligomers. These findings improve the understanding of combined effects on atmospheric NOC formation during the heterogeneous processes of toluene.

中文翻译：

---

甲苯/NO2/O3 对 α-Fe2O3 纳米粒子的非均相反应：O3、光照和相对湿度对含氮有机化合物 (NOC) 形成的影响

尽管甲苯的非均相反应显着影响大气环境，但很少有人关注O ₃、光照和相对湿度对纳米颗粒上含氮有机化合物（NOC）形成的影响。在这项研究中，使用漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱（DRIFTS）研究了甲苯/NO ₂ /O ₃对α-Fe ₂ O ₃纳米粒子的非均相反应的综合影响。结果表明，在甲苯/NO _{2中加入 O 3}反应体系可以促进 NOC 的生成过程。更多的甲苯自由基可以形成并被活性氧化剂物质氧化以在颗粒表面形成硝酸苄酯。此外，模拟光照可以增强甲苯向NOC的非均相转化，这可能是由于α-Fe ₂ O ₃和中间产物的光活性特性的激发效应。然而，由于对反应位点的竞争效应和低聚物形成的减少，增加相对湿度 (RH) 不利于 NOC 的形成。这些发现提高了对甲苯非均相过程中对大气 NOC 形成的综合影响的理解。