Background

Periosteum is a vascularized tissue membrane covering the bone surface and plays a decisive role in bone reconstruction process after fracture. Various artificial periosteum has been developed to assist the allografts or bionic bone scaffolds in accelerating bone healing. Recently, the biomimicking design of artificial periosteum has attracted increasing attention due to the recapitulation of the natural extracellular microenvironment of the periosteum and has presented unique capacity to modulate the cell fates and ultimately enhance the bone formation and improve neovascularization.

Methods

A systematic literature search is performed and relevant findings in biomimicking design of artificial periosteum have been reviewed and cited.

Results

We give a systematical overview of current development of biomimicking design of artificial periosteum. We first summarize the universal strategies for designing biomimicking artificial periosteum including biochemical biomimicry and biophysical biomimicry aspects. We then discuss three types of novel versatile biomimicking artificial periosteum including physical-chemical combined artificial periosteum, heterogeneous structured biomimicking periosteum, and healing phase-targeting biomimicking periosteum. Finally, we comment on the potential implications and prospects in the future design of biomimicking artificial periosteum.

Conclusion

This review summarizes the preparation strategies of biomimicking artificial periosteum in recent years with a discussion of material selection, animal model adoption, biophysical and biochemical cues to regulate the cell fates as well as three types of latest developed versatile biomimicking artificial periosteum. In future, integration of innervation, osteochondral regeneration, and osteoimmunomodulation, should be taken into consideration when fabricating multifunctional artificial periosteum.

The Translational Potential of this Article: This study provides a holistic view on the design strategy and the therapeutic potential of biomimicking artificial periosteum to promote bone healing. It is hoped to open a new avenue of artificial periosteum design with biomimicking considerations and reposition of the current strategy for accelerated bone healing.

中文翻译：

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促进骨愈合的人工骨膜仿生设计

背景

骨膜是覆盖骨表面的血管化组织膜，在骨折后的骨重建过程中起决定性作用。已经开发了各种人工骨膜来帮助同种异体移植物或仿生骨支架加速骨愈合。最近，人工骨膜的仿生设计由于对骨膜天然细胞外微环境的重现而引起了越来越多的关注，并具有调节细胞命运并最终增强骨形成和改善新生血管形成的独特能力。

方法

进行了系统的文献检索，并对人工骨膜仿生设计的相关发现进行了回顾和引用。

结果

我们系统地概述了人工骨膜仿生设计的当前发展。我们首先总结了设计仿生人工骨膜的通用策略，包括生化仿生和生物物理仿生方面。然后，我们讨论了三种新型多功能仿生人工骨膜，包括物理化学组合人工骨膜、异质结构仿生骨膜和愈合阶段靶向仿生骨膜。最后，我们评论了仿生人工骨膜未来设计的潜在意义和前景。

结论

本综述总结了近年来仿生人工骨膜的制备策略，讨论了材料选择、动物模型采用、调节细胞命运的生物物理和生化线索以及最新开发的三种多功能仿生人工骨膜。未来，在制造多功能人工骨膜时，应考虑整合神经支配、骨软骨再生和骨免疫调节。

本文的转化潜力：本研究提供了关于仿生人工骨膜促进骨愈合的设计策略和治疗潜力的整体观点。希望通过仿生考虑和重新定位当前加速骨愈合的策略，开辟人工骨膜设计的新途径。