It has long been common practice to capture the electric fields emanated by the human body as a means of detecting and/or monitoring diverse health conditions. However, these electric fields are strongly impacted by the complex permittivity of biological tissues which deteriorates their waveforms and limits their diagnostic capabilities. As an alternative, recent progress has been made in the measurement of bio-magnetic fields occur from the natural currents flowing through the body. The advantage in this case is, since tissues are non-magnetic, magnetic fields propagate in an uninterrupted manner towards the skin surface where they are eventually collected. This unveils game-changing opportunities for future medical diagnostics. Nevertheless, a major challenge associated with sensing these naturally emanated magnetic fields is that they are extremely weak, and in fact orders of magnitude smaller than those generated by the Earth. To this end, extensive efforts have been pursued to realize sensing technology that is sensitive enough to collect bio-magnetic fields. Example fields of use include magnetomyography (MMG), magnetocardiography (MCG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and Magnetoneurography (MNG) (including magnetospinography (MSG)). This review will provide an overview of technologies used to sense bio-magnetic fields, list their merits and limits in a critical manner, and discuss clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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人体磁场发射综述：来源、传感器和用途


长期以来，捕捉人体发出的电场作为检测和/或监测各种健康状况的手段一直是常见的做法。然而，这些电场受到生物组织复介电常数的强烈影响，这会恶化其波形并限制其诊断能力。作为替代方案，最近在测量流经身体的自然电流产生的生物磁场方面取得了进展。这种情况的优点是，由于组织是非磁性的，磁场以不间断的方式传播到皮肤表面，最终在皮肤表面被收集。这为未来的医疗诊断带来了改变游戏规则的机会。然而，与感测这些自然发出的磁场相关的一个主要挑战是它们非常弱，实际上比地球产生的磁场小几个数量级。为此，人们付出了广泛的努力来实现足够灵敏以收集生物磁场的传感技术。示例性使用领域包括肌磁描记法(MMG)、心磁描记法(MCG)、脑磁描记法(MEG)和神经磁描记法(MNG)(包括脊髓磁描记法(MSG))。本综述将概述用于感测生物磁场的技术，以批判性的方式列出其优点和局限性，并讨论临床应用。