Abstract

Introduction

Several protective factors for mitigating suicidal ideation (SI) such as positive affect, reasons for living, purpose in life, meaning in life, gratitude, grit, optimism, social support, and hope have been identified and received empirical support. However, few studies have examined the interrelationships of these protective factors and the identification of protective factors most closely linked to lower levels of SI may be useful for both theory-building initiatives and improvement of suicide-specific interventions. Network analysis offers an approach for testing the relation among these constructs, SI, and suicide risk factors.

Methods

A sample N = 557 undergraduate students oversampled for lifetime SI completed a cross-sectional, online survey. The data was used to estimate an undirected, cross-sectional network of the aforementioned protective factors.

Results

The resulting inferred network implicates strong negative influence of suicide cognitions, but not recent SI, and the strong positive influence of presence of meaning in life, trait hope, and low negative affect.

Conclusions

Implications for dimensionality of SI versus suicide cognitions, targeting presence of meaning in life, trait hope, and negative affect in treatment, and cross-cultural variations in reasons for living are discussed. The study is limited by the cross-sectional and convenience sampling methodology.

• Highlights

• Protective factors may have less direct influence on suicidal ideation

• Suicide cognitions and the suicidal mode may be of phenomenological importance

• Presence of meaning and trait hope may be primary targets for suicide interventions

中文翻译：

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检查自杀认知、自杀意念和理论上衍生的保护因素之间的相互关系

摘要

介绍

减轻自杀意念（SI）的几个保护因素，如积极情感、生活理由、人生目的、人生意义、感恩、毅力、乐观、社会支持和希望，已被确定并得到实证支持。然而，很少有研究探讨这些保护性因素之间的相互关系，并且识别与较低 SI 水平最密切相关的保护性因素可能有助于理论构建举措和改善针对自杀的干预措施。网络分析提供了一种测试这些结构、SI 和自杀风险因素之间关系的方法。

方法

SI 对N = 557 名本科生进行了终身超采样 ，完成了一项横断面在线调查。该数据用于估计上述保护因素的无向横截面网络。

结果

由此产生的推断网络暗示自杀认知的强烈负面影响，但不是最近的 SI，以及生活意义的存在、特质希望和低负面影响的强烈积极影响。

结论

讨论了 SI 维度与自杀认知、针对生活意义的存在、特质希望和治疗中的负面影响以及生活原因的跨文化差异的影响。该研究受到横截面和方便抽样方法的限制。

• 强调

• 保护因素对自杀意念的直接影响可能较小

• 自杀认知和自杀模式可能具有现象学重要性

• 意义和特质希望的存在可能是自杀干预的主要目标