Background/aims Perioperative pain in children is often inadequately treated, and emergence agitation is common. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether nalbuphine is suitable for perioperative eye pain and to analyse if it influences the occurrence of emergence delirium/agitation (EDA) in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery in general anaesthesia. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of 50 children in preschool age undergoing general anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery receiving nalbuphine as a postoperative analgesic in a German university hospital from June 2020 to February 2021. Scores and values for pain and EDA were routinely recorded after awakening and during the stay in the recovery room. Data were evaluated retrospectively from the medical records. Results A total of 50 children (17 girls and 33 boys) underwent general anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. The median age of the children included was 20.5 months (range, 1–68 months), the median body weight was 12.25 kg (range, 2.9–29 kg). All patients received ibuprofen (10 mg/kg1) during induction of anaesthesia and nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) at the end of surgery. All patients had an Paediatric-Anaesthesia-Emergence-Delirium-I-score (PAED-ED-I Score) of less than 6 and acceptable Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability-scores (FLACC less than 3) on waking and on leaving the recovery room. Conclusion Nalbuphine shows a sufficient analgesic effect for pain therapy following ophthalmic surgery in preschool children. Nalbuphine seems to reduce the incidence of EDA in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Data are available upon reasonable request.

中文翻译：

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纳布啡用于学龄前儿童眼科手术镇痛及苏醒性谵妄的发生

背景/目标 儿童围手术期疼痛往往得不到充分治疗，苏醒期躁动也很常见。本分析的目的是确定纳布啡是否适合治疗围手术期眼痛，并分析它是否影响全身麻醉下接受眼科手术的儿童出现苏醒性谵妄/躁动（EDA）。方法对2020年6月至2021年2月在德国某大学医院接受全身麻醉眼科手术并接受纳布啡作为术后镇痛药的50名学龄前儿童进行回顾性队列分析。苏醒后和住院期间常规记录疼痛和EDA的评分和值在康复室里。根据病历对数据进行回顾性评估。结果 共有 50 名儿童（17 名女孩和 33 名男孩）接受了眼科手术的全身麻醉。纳入儿童的中位年龄为 20.5 个月（范围，1-68 个月），中位体重为 12.25 kg（范围，2.9-29 kg）。所有患者在麻醉诱导期间接受布洛芬 (10 mg/kg1) 治疗，并在手术结束时接受纳布啡 (0.1 mg/kg) 治疗。所有患者在清醒时和醒来时的儿科麻醉-苏醒-谵妄-I 评分（PAED-ED-I 评分）均低于 6 分，且面部腿部活动-哭泣-安慰评分（FLACC 低于 3）可接受。离开康复室。结论 纳布啡对学龄前儿童眼科手术后疼痛治疗具有足够的镇痛效果。纳布啡似乎可以降低接受眼科手术的儿童 EDA 的发生率。数据可根据合理要求提供。