Biological visual systems have inspired the development of various artificial visual systems including those based on human eyes (terrestrial environment), insect eyes (terrestrial environment) and fish eyes (aquatic environment). However, attempts to develop systems for both terrestrial and aquatic environments remain limited, and bioinspired electronic eyes are restricted in their maximum field of view to a hemispherical field of view (around 180°). Here we report the development of an amphibious artificial vision system with a panoramic visual field inspired by the functional and anatomical structure of the compound eyes of a fiddler crab. We integrate a microlens array with a graded refractive index and a flexible comb-shaped silicon photodiode array on a spherical structure. The microlenses have a flat surface and maintain their focal length regardless of changes in the external refractive index between air and water. The comb-shaped image sensor arrays on the spherical substrate exhibit an extremely wide field of view covering almost the entire spherical geometry. We illustrate the capabilities of our system via optical simulations and imaging demonstrations in both air and water.

生物视觉系统激发了各种人工视觉系统的发展，包括基于人眼（陆地环境）、昆虫眼睛（陆地环境）和鱼眼（水生环境）的视觉系统。然而，为陆地和水生环境开发系统的尝试仍然有限，仿生电子眼的最大视野受限于半球形视野（约 180°）。在这里，我们报告了一种具有全景视野的两栖人工视觉系统的开发，该系统的灵感来自招潮蟹复眼的功能和解剖结构。我们在球形结构上集成了具有渐变折射率的微透镜阵列和灵活的梳状硅光电二极管阵列。无论空气和水之间的外部折射率如何变化，微透镜都具有平坦的表面并保持其焦距。球形基板上的梳状图像传感器阵列具有极宽的视野，几乎覆盖了整个球形几何结构。我们通过空气和水中的光学模拟和成像演示来说明我们系统的功能。