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Optical feedback control loop for the precise and robust acoustic focusing of cells, micro- and nanoparticles
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00376g Cooper L Harshbarger 1, 2, 3 , Michael S Gerlt 3, 4 , Jan A Ghadamian 3 , Davide C Bernardoni 1, 2 , Jess G Snedeker 1, 2 , Jürg Dual 3
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00376g Cooper L Harshbarger 1, 2, 3 , Michael S Gerlt 3, 4 , Jan A Ghadamian 3 , Davide C Bernardoni 1, 2 , Jess G Snedeker 1, 2 , Jürg Dual 3
Affiliation
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Despite a long history and the vast number of applications demonstrated, very few market products incorporate acoustophoresis. Because a human operator must run and control a device during an experiment, most devices are limited to proof of concepts. On top of a possible detuning due to temperature changes, the human operator introduces a bias which reduces the reproducibility, performance and reliability of devices. To mitigate some of these problems, we propose an optical feedback control loop that optimizes the excitation frequency. We investigate the improvements that can be expected when a human operator is replaced for acoustic micro- and nanometer particle focusing experiments. Three experiments previously conducted in our group were taken as a benchmark. In addition to being automatic, this resulted in the feedback control loop displaying a superior performance compared to an experienced scientist in 1) improving the particle focusing by at least a factor of two for 5 μm diameter PS particles, 2) increasing the range of flow rates in which 1 μm diameter PS particles could be focused and 3) was even capable of focusing 600 nm diameter PS particles at a frequency of 1.72075 MHz. Furthermore, the feedback control loop is capable of focusing biological cells in one and two pressure nodes. The requirements for the feedback control loop are: an optical setup, a run-of-the-mill computer and a computer controllable function generator. Thus resulting in a cost-effective, high-throughput and automated method to rapidly increase the efficiency of established systems. The code for the feedback control loop is openly accessible and the authors explicitly wish that the community uses and modifies the feedback control loop to their own needs.
中文翻译：
光学反馈控制回路，用于细胞、微米和纳米粒子的精确和稳健的声学聚焦
尽管历史悠久且应用广泛，但很少有市场产品包含声泳。由于人类操作员必须在实验期间运行和控制设备，因此大多数设备仅限于概念验证。除了温度变化可能导致的失谐之外，人类操作员还会引入一种偏差，从而降低设备的可重复性、性能和可靠性。为了缓解其中一些问题，我们提出了一种优化激发频率的光学反馈控制回路。我们研究了当人工操作员被替换为声学微米和纳米粒子聚焦实验时可以预期的改进。我们小组之前进行的三个实验被作为基准。除了自动，与经验丰富的科学家相比，这导致反馈控制回路在以下方面表现出卓越的性能：1) 对于 5 μm 直径的 PS 颗粒，将颗粒聚焦至少提高两倍，2) 增加 1 μm 直径的流速范围PS 粒子可以被聚焦，并且 3) 甚至能够以 1.72075 MHz 的频率聚焦直径为 600 nm 的 PS 粒子。此外，反馈控制回路能够将生物细胞聚焦在一个和两个压力节点中。反馈控制回路的要求是：光学装置、普通计算机和计算机可控函数发生器。从而产生了一种具有成本效益、高通量和自动化的方法，可以快速提高已建立系统的效率。
更新日期：2022-07-11
中文翻译：
光学反馈控制回路，用于细胞、微米和纳米粒子的精确和稳健的声学聚焦
尽管历史悠久且应用广泛，但很少有市场产品包含声泳。由于人类操作员必须在实验期间运行和控制设备，因此大多数设备仅限于概念验证。除了温度变化可能导致的失谐之外，人类操作员还会引入一种偏差，从而降低设备的可重复性、性能和可靠性。为了缓解其中一些问题，我们提出了一种优化激发频率的光学反馈控制回路。我们研究了当人工操作员被替换为声学微米和纳米粒子聚焦实验时可以预期的改进。我们小组之前进行的三个实验被作为基准。除了自动，与经验丰富的科学家相比，这导致反馈控制回路在以下方面表现出卓越的性能：1) 对于 5 μm 直径的 PS 颗粒，将颗粒聚焦至少提高两倍，2) 增加 1 μm 直径的流速范围PS 粒子可以被聚焦，并且 3) 甚至能够以 1.72075 MHz 的频率聚焦直径为 600 nm 的 PS 粒子。此外，反馈控制回路能够将生物细胞聚焦在一个和两个压力节点中。反馈控制回路的要求是：光学装置、普通计算机和计算机可控函数发生器。从而产生了一种具有成本效益、高通量和自动化的方法，可以快速提高已建立系统的效率。
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