Materialization of coal is one of effective and clean pathways for its utilization. The microstructures of coal-based carbon materials have an important influence on their functional applications. Herein, the microstructural evolution of anthracite in the temperature range of 1000–2800 °C was systematically investigated to provide a guidance for the microstructural regulation of coal-based carbon materials. The results indicate that the microstructure of anthracite undergoes an important change during carbonization-graphitization process. As the temperature increases, aromatic layers in anthracite gradually transform into disordered graphite microcrystals and further grow into ordered graphite microcrystals, and then ordered graphite microcrystals are laterally linked to form pseudo-graphite phase and eventually transformed into highly ordered graphite-like sheets. In particular, 2000–2200 °C is a critical temperature region for the qualitative change of ordered graphite crystallites to pseudo-graphite phase, in which the relevant structural parameters including stacking height, crystallite lateral size and graphitization degree show a rapid increase. Moreover, both aromaticity and graphitization degree have a linear positive correlation with carbonization-graphitization temperature in a specific temperature range. Besides, after initial carbonization, some defect structures in anthracite such as aliphatic carbon and oxygen-containing functional groups are released in the form of gaseous low-molecular volatiles along with an increased pore structure, and the intermediates derived from minerals could facilitate the conversion of sp³ amorphous carbon to sp² graphitic carbon. This work provides a valuable reference for the rational design of microstructure of coal-based carbon materials.

煤的物质化是其利用的有效清洁途径之一。煤基碳材料的微观结构对其功能应用具有重要影响。在此，系统地研究了无烟煤在1000-2800°C温度范围内的微观结构演变，以期为煤基碳材料的微观结构调控提供指导。结果表明，无烟煤的微观结构在碳化-石墨化过程中发生了重要变化。随着温度的升高，无烟煤中的芳香层逐渐转变为无序的石墨微晶，并进一步生长为有序的石墨微晶，然后有序的石墨微晶横向连接形成假石墨相，最终转变为高度有序的类石墨片。特别地，2000-2200℃是有序石墨微晶向伪石墨相质变的临界温度区，其中堆垛高度、微晶横向尺寸和石墨化程度等相关结构参数显示出快速增加。此外，芳香度和石墨化度在特定温度范围内均与碳化-石墨化温度呈线性正相关。此外，在初始碳化后，无烟煤中的一些缺陷结构如脂肪族碳和含氧官能团以气态低分子挥发物的形式释放出来，同时增加了孔隙结构，³无定形碳到sp ²石墨碳。该工作为煤基碳材料微观结构的合理设计提供了有价值的参考。