Concrete and cementitious composites have far been the main and most widely used construction materials throughout the world due to their outstanding features, such as high structural properties, accessibility and relatively low production costs. However, these materials are prone to degradation caused either by automatic cracking or external excitations, which leads to structural degradation. The increasing concern for maintaining safety and enhancing durability of cement composite structures has led to the development of several smart self-healing techniques by researchers. Regarding the diversity of these methods, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art technologies in self-healing concrete. For this purpose, the methods are divided into two general categories: autogenous and autonomous self-healing, each of which are subdivided into different methods. The basic principles and influencing factors as well as the main advantages and challenges of these techniques are discussed. Finally, general conclusions are drawn and some suggestions for future advances are presented.

中文翻译：

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自生和自主自愈混凝土的有效方法：综述

混凝土和水泥基复合材料以其结构性能高、易加工性和相对较低的生产成本等突出特点，成为目前世界上主要且应用最广泛的建筑材料。然而，这些材料很容易因自动破裂或外部激励而发生降解，从而导致结构降解。人们越来越关注维持水泥复合结构的安全性和增强耐久性，导致研究人员开发了几种智能自修复技术。鉴于这些方法的多样性，本研究旨在对自修复混凝土的最先进技术进行全面回顾。为此，这些方法分为两大类：自愈和自主自愈，每一种又分为不同的方法。讨论了这些技术的基本原理和影响因素以及主要优点和挑战。最后，得出一般结论并对未来的进展提出一些建议。