Most dyes are toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, all of which cause severe harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to find the most suitable method to treat dye wastewaters before discharge. In this study, the natural Ca-type montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) was activated by HNO₃ (20 wt.%) solution under different temperatures to obtain acid-activated MMT (Acid-MMT). Fe (10 wt.%) was supported on Acid-MMT (Fe/Acid-MMT) via the impregnation method using Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O as a precursor. Meanwhile, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction using Fe/Acid-MMT as catalyst was evaluated. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoeletron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N₂ adsorption–desorption at low temperature, and the temperature program desorption of NH₃ (NH₃-TPD) techniques.

中文翻译：

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Fe/酸蒙脱石作为去除亚甲基蓝的有效类芬顿催化剂

大多数染料有毒、致癌和致突变，所有这些都会对人类健康和环境造成严重危害。因此，必须找到最合适的方法来处理排放前的染料废水。_{本研究采用HNO 3} (20 wt.%)溶液在不同温度下活化天然Ca型蒙脱土(Ca-MMT) ，得到酸活化蒙脱土(Acid-MMT)。通过使用 Fe(NO ₃ ) ₃ ·9H _{2的浸渍法将 Fe (10 wt.%) 负载在 Acid-MMT (Fe/Acid-MMT) 上}O 作为前体。同时，评估了使用 Fe/Acid-MMT 作为催化剂的非均相 Fenton 反应去除亚甲基蓝 (MB)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N ₂低温吸附-脱附等手段对材料进行了表征。 NH ₃程序升温脱附（NH ₃ -TPD）技术。