Gut microbes are closely associated with most human health. When ingested orally, probiotics can effectively regulate the composition and quantity of human intestinal microorganisms, which is beneficial to human health. However, probiotics will be affected by the harsh environment of the digestive tract during the in vivo transportation process, and ensuring the viability of probiotics is a great challenge. Probiotic encapsulating technology provides an effective solution to this problem. The introduction of extreme temperatures, large probiotic microcapsule sizes and the difficulty in controlling probiotic microcapsule particle sizes mean that traditional microcapsule encapsulation methods have some limitations. From traditional microcapsule technology to the bulk encapsulation of probiotics with nanofibers and nanoparticles to the recent ability to wear nano “armor” for a single probiotic through biofilm, biological membrane and nanocoating. Emerging probiotic nanoagents provides a new conceptual and development direction for the field of probiotic encapsulation. In this review, we presented the characteristics of encapsulated probiotic carrier materials and digestive tract transport systems, we focused on the encapsulation systems of probiotic nanoagents, we analyzed the shortcomings and advantages of the current agent encapsulation systems, and we stated the developmental direction and challenges for these agents for the future.

肠道微生物与大多数人类健康密切相关。口服益生菌可有效调节人体肠道微生物的组成和数量，有益于人体健康。然而，益生菌在体内会受到消化道恶劣环境的影响。运输过程中，确保益生菌的生存能力是一个巨大的挑战。益生菌胶囊化技术为这一问题提供了有效的解决方案。极端温度的引入、较大的益生菌微胶囊尺寸以及益生菌微胶囊粒径难以控制，意味着传统的微胶囊封装方法存在一定的局限性。从传统的微胶囊技术到用纳米纤维和纳米粒子对益生菌进行大量封装，再到最近通过生物膜、生物膜和纳米涂层为单个益生菌穿上纳米“盔甲”的能力。新兴的益生菌纳米制剂为益生菌封装领域提供了新的概念和发展方向。在本次审查中，