Over last decades, most antitumor therapeutic strategies have focused on apoptosis, however, apoptosis resistance and immunological silence usually led to treatment failure. In this sense, triggering other programmed cell death such as necroptosis may achieve a better therapeutic efficacy and has gained widespread attentions in tumor therapy. Studies in this field have identified several types of necroptosis modulators and highlighted the therapeutic potential of necroptotic cell death in cancer. Nanoparticles further provide possibilities to improve therapeutic outcomes as an efficient drug delivery system, facilitating tumor targeting and controlled cargo release. Furthermore, some nanoparticles themselves can trigger/promote programmed necrosis through hyperthermia, ultrasound and autophagy blockage. These investigations have entered necroptosis for consideration as a promising strategy for tumor therapy, though numerous challenges remain and clinical applications are still distant. In this review, we would briefly introduce molecular mechanism and characteristics of necroptosis, and then summarize recent progress of programmed necrosis and their inducers in tumor therapy. Furthermore, the antitumor strategies that take advantages of nanoparticles to induce necroptosis are also discussed.

在过去的几十年中，大多数抗肿瘤治疗策略都集中在细胞凋亡上，然而，细胞凋亡抗性和免疫沉默通常导致治疗失败。从这个意义上说，触发其他程序性细胞死亡，如坏死性凋亡，可能会获得更好的治疗效果，并在肿瘤治疗中受到广泛关注。该领域的研究已经确定了几种类型的坏死性凋亡调节剂，并强调了坏死性细胞死亡在癌症中的治疗潜力。纳米颗粒作为一种有效的药物递送系统，进一步提供了改善治疗效果的可能性，促进肿瘤靶向和受控的货物释放。此外，一些纳米颗粒本身可以通过热疗、超声和自噬阻断触发/促进程序性坏死。这些研究已经进入坏死性凋亡作为一种有前途的肿瘤治疗策略，尽管仍然存在许多挑战并且临床应用仍然很遥远。在这篇综述中，我们将简要介绍坏死性凋亡的分子机制和特点，然后总结程序性坏死及其诱导物在肿瘤治疗中的最新进展。此外，还讨论了利用纳米颗粒诱导坏死性凋亡的抗肿瘤策略。