A growing body of multiscale biomechanical studies has been proposed to highlight the mechanical cues in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cancer. At the cellular level, changes in mechanical microenvironment induce phenotypic and functional alterations of hepatic cells, initiating a positive feedback loop that promotes liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Tumor mechanical microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor cell growth and metastasis, and hinders the drug delivery and immunotherapy. At the molecular level, mechanical forces are sensed and transmitted into hepatic cells via allosteric activation of mechanoreceptors on the cell membrane, leading to the activation of various mechanotransduction pathways including integrin and YAP signaling and then regulating cell function. Thus, the application of mechanomedicine concept in the treatment of liver diseases is promising for rational design and cell-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs. This review mainly discusses the correlation between biomechanical cues and liver diseases from the viewpoint of mechanobiology.

越来越多的多尺度生物力学研究被提出来强调肝纤维化和癌症发展中的力学线索。在细胞水平上，机械微环境的变化诱导肝细胞的表型和功能改变，启动促进肝纤维化和肝癌发生的正反馈回路。肝细胞癌的肿瘤力学微环境促进了肿瘤细胞的生长和转移，阻碍了药物递送和免疫治疗。在分子水平上，机械力被感知并通过以下途径传递到肝细胞中细胞膜上机械感受器的变构激活，导致各种机械转导通路的激活，包括整合素和 YAP 信号，然后调节细胞功能。因此，机械医学概念在肝病治疗中的应用有望用于治疗药物的合理设计和细胞特异性递送。本综述主要从力学生物学的角度讨论生物力学线索与肝脏疾病之间的相关性。