Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that are encoded by endogenous miRNA genes and regulate gene expression through gene silencing, by inducing degradation of their target messenger RNA or by inhibiting its translation. Some miRNAs are mobile molecules inside the plant, and increasing experimental evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs represent molecules that are exchanged between plants, their pathogens, and parasitic plants. It has also been shown that miRNAs are secreted into the external growing medium and that these miRNAs regulate gene expression and the phenotype of nearby receiving plants, thus defining a new concept in plant communication. However, the mechanism of miRNA secretion and uptake by plant cells still needs to be elucidated.

中文翻译：

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移动植物 microRNA 允许生物体内部和生物体之间进行通信

植物 microRNA (miRNA) 是由内源性 miRNA 基因编码并通过基因沉默、诱导其目标信使 RNA 降解或抑制其翻译来调节基因表达的小调节 RNA。一些 miRNA 是植物内部的移动分子，越来越多的实验证据表明，miRNA 代表在植物、病原体和寄生植物之间交换的分子。还表明，miRNA 被分泌到外部生长介质中，并且这些 miRNA 调节基因表达和附近接收植物的表型，从而定义了植物交流的新概念。然而，植物细胞分泌和摄取miRNA的机制仍有待阐明。