It is widely recognized by proponents of the notion that grounding can be, indeed is, overdetermined. Moreover, it seems safe to suppose that something of a consensus has emerged: grounding is overdetermined and there is nothing about it that we ought to find concerning. Not only is the overdetermination apparently not problematic, metaphysically speaking, but that grounding is overdetermined is not problematic, conceptually speaking, either. From a small sampling of alleged cases, however, no such conclusions can responsibly be drawn. And without an account of when a fact is technically overdetermined, we are unable to reasonably answer questions about the acceptability of that overdetermination either. In this paper, I attempt to understand when a fact is technically metaphysically overdetermined. I argue that such an exploration reveals that nothing as regards the overdetermination of grounding is straightforward, and that the phenomenon is deserving of much more philosophical attention.

中文翻译：

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形而上学的过度决定

支持者普遍认为，接地确实是过度确定的。此外，假设已经出现某种共识似乎是安全的：接地是过度确定的，我们应该找到任何关于它的东西。不仅从形而上学的角度来看，过度决定显然没有问题，而且从概念上讲，过度决定的基础也没有问题。然而，从一小部分被指控的案件中，无法负责任地得出这样的结论。如果没有说明一个事实何时在技术上被过度确定，我们也无法合理地回答有关这种过度确定的可接受性的问题。在本文中，我试图理解一个事实在技术上形而上学的过度确定。