Short-period responses of moisture and precipitation to sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated in model simulations for the case of heavy precipitation in the Tsushima Strait on 26 July 2020, where both atmospheric and oceanic fronts were established and SST was much lower than the climatological normal (30-year average in late July) in the vicinity of the strait. Compared with the experiments using the climatological normal SST, the surface latent heat flux and water vapor are lower (higher) in the cooler Tsushima Strait (warmer southern East China Sea) in the control experiment. The area-mean precipitation is lowered by the reduced moisture supply over the cooler adjacent sea in the Tsushima Strait. The heavy rainfall is enhanced in the strait via the transport and convergence of remote moisture from the East China Sea. The ensemble-mean maximum rainfall in the strait is higher than that using the climatological normal SST, whereas the maxima are lower over land because of the northward shift of the precipitation area caused by the cool SST anomaly. Although the strong surface baroclinicity over the SST front in the Tsushima Strait and the remote sea surface conditions over the southern East China Sea do not directly influence heavy rainfall, the SST anomaly in the vicinity of the strait influences it. The intensity and area of heavy rainfalls potentially leading to natural disasters are sensitive to large SST anomalies in the marginal seas adjacent to highly populated cities near the coast. In this case, when there is a local negative SST anomaly, the area of heavy precipitation shifts away from land, reducing the rainfall over populated areas.

对 2020 年 7 月 26 日对马海峡强降水情况的模型模拟研究了水分和降水对海表温度 (SST) 的短周期响应，当时建立了大气和海洋锋，并且 SST 远低于海峡附近气候正常（7 月下旬 30 年平均值）。与使用气候正常SST的实验相比，对照实验中较冷的对马海峡（较暖的东海南部）地表潜热通量和水汽较低（较高）。对马海峡较冷的邻近海域的水分供应减少，从而降低了面积平均降水量。强降雨通过来自东海的远程湿气的输送和汇聚而增强了海峡的强降雨。海峡的集合平均最大降雨量高于使用气候正常SST的最大降雨量，而在陆地上由于凉爽的SST异常导致降水区北移，最大降雨量较低。虽然对马海峡海温前缘强烈的地表斜压和东海南部偏远海面条件不直接影响强降雨，但海峡附近海温异常对其产生影响。可能导致自然灾害的强降雨的强度和面积对靠近沿海人口稠密城市的边缘海域的大型 SST 异常敏感。在这种情况下，当局地出现负海温异常时，强降水区域会远离陆地，从而减少人口稠密地区的降雨。