Purpose

The function (i.e., the motivation) of child-to-parent violence (CPV) is an important consideration for intervention but under researched, primarily due to a lack of appropriate measurement tools. The current study aimed to develop and validate a caregiver-report measure of the function of CPV (the Child-to-Parent Violence Functions Scale [CPV-F]).

Methods

One-hundred-and-twenty-one caregivers (94% female) ranging from 27 to 68 years of age (M = 45.36, SD = 8.35) completed an online survey reporting on experiences of CPV from a young person, who were mostly male (63%) and aged between 5 and 24 years (M = 12.71, SD = 4.77).

Results

The current study shows that the motivation for CPV varies across three related but distinct functions: Reactive (i.e., in response to perceived or actual threat, transgression, or intrusion), Affective (i.e., driven by internal frustration, fear, or emotional conflict), and Proactive (i.e., instrumental, callous, and planned). The CPV-F demonstrated predictive and concurrent validity, as well as adequate reliability across subscales.

Conclusions

Future research should consider the function of CPV, as it may impact the relevance of risk factors. Moving forward, the CPV-F could be used for comprehensive investigative profiling, with a focus on parent and dyadic factors, to resolve heterogeneity in the field. Such factors are crucial to intervention yet under explored. As a caregiver-report measure, the CPV-F is well-positioned to aid in these investigations.

中文翻译：

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儿童对父母的暴力功能量表 (CPV-F)：开发和验证

目的

儿童对父母的暴力（CPV）的功能（即动机）是干预的一个重要考虑因素，但研究不足，主要是由于缺乏适当的测量工具。目前的研究旨在开发和验证 CPV 功能的照顾者报告测量（儿童对父母的暴力功能量表 [CPV-F]）。

方法

121名年龄在 27 至 68 岁（M  = 45.36，SD  = 8.35）的护理人员（94% 为女性）完成了一项在线调查，报告了一名年轻人（主要是男性）的 CPV 经历(63%) 年龄在 5 至 24 岁之间 ( M  = 12.71, SD  = 4.77)。

结果

目前的研究表明，CPV 的动机因三个相关但不同的功能而异：反应性（即，对感知或实际威胁、越界或入侵的反应）、情感性（即，由内部挫折、恐惧或情绪冲突驱动）和积极主动的（即工具性的、冷酷的和有计划的）。CPV-F 证明了预测和同时有效性，以及跨分量表的足够可靠性。

结论

未来的研究应考虑 CPV 的功能，因为它可能会影响风险因素的相关性。展望未来，CPV-F 可用于综合调查分析，重点关注父母和二元因素，以解决该领域的异质性。这些因素对干预至关重要，但仍在探索之中。作为护理人员报告措施，CPV-F 可以很好地帮助这些调查。