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Do female amphibians and reptiles have greater reproductive output if they have more mates?
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03194-6
Patricia L. M. Lee , Craig D. H. Sherman , Lee A. Rollins , Erik Wapstra , Karl P. Phillips

Abstract

In general, males mate with multiple females to increase individual reproductive success. Whether or not, and under what circumstances, females benefit from multiple mating has been less clear. Our review of 154 studies covering 184 populations of amphibians and reptiles showed that polyandry was widespread and variable among and within taxonomic groups. We investigated whether amphibian and reptile females had greater reproductive output as the number of sires for offspring increased. Meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in the dataset of all taxa. Expected heterozygosity was a significant moderator (covariate) of positive relationships between female reproductive output and the number of sires, but a sensitivity test showed the result was tenuous. Significant heterogeneity remained despite controlling for expected heterozygosity and other variables but was resolved for most taxonomic groups with subgroup meta-analyses. Subgroup meta-analyses showed that only female salamanders (Caudata) had significantly greater reproductive output with an increased number of sires. For many species of Caudata, males cannot coerce females into accepting spermatophores. We therefore suggest that if females control the number of matings, they can use polyandry to increase their fitness. Caudata offers ideal models with which to test this hypothesis and to explore factors enabling and maintaining the evolution of female choice. Outstanding problems may be addressed by expanding taxonomic coverage and data collection and improving data reporting.

Significance Statement

Many factors and combinations of factors drive polyandry. Whether or not females benefit from mating with more than one male remains equivocal. Focusing on amphibians and reptiles, our analyses demonstrate that female salamanders produced more offspring when mated with multiple males, whereas this was not the case for reptiles. Unlike many other species in our dataset, the polyandrous female salamanders fully control sperm intake and have chosen to mate multiple times. We further highlight problems and key directions for future research in the field.



中文翻译:

如果雌性两栖动物和爬行动物有更多的配偶,它们的繁殖能力会更大吗?

摘要

一般来说,雄性与多个雌性交配以增加个体的繁殖成功率。雌性是否以及在什么情况下会从多次交配中受益,目前还不太清楚。我们对涵盖 184 种两栖动物和爬行动物种群的 154 项研究的回顾表明,一夫多妻制在分类群体之间和分类群体内部普遍存在且变化多端。我们调查了两栖动物和爬行动物雌性是否随着后代公牛数量的增加而具有更大的生殖产量。荟萃分析揭示了所有分类群数据集中的显着异质性。预期杂合性是雌性生殖产出与公牛数量之间正相关关系的显着调节因子(协变量),但敏感性测试显示结果微弱。尽管控制了预期的杂合性和其他变量,但仍然存在显着的异质性,但大多数分类组通过亚组荟萃分析得到了解决。亚组荟萃分析表明,只有雌性蝾螈(Caudata)的繁殖产量显着增加,公牛数量增加。对于许多有尾动物,雄性不能强迫雌性接受精囊。因此我们建议,如果雌性控制交配次数,它们可以使用一妻多夫来增加它们的适应度。Caudata 提供了理想的模型来检验这一假设,并探索促成和维持女性选择演变的因素。可以通过扩大分类范围和数据收集以及改进数据报告来解决突出的问题。亚组荟萃分析表明,只有雌性蝾螈(Caudata)的繁殖产量显着增加,公牛数量增加。对于许多有尾动物,雄性不能强迫雌性接受精囊。因此我们建议,如果雌性控制交配次数,它们可以使用一妻多夫来增加它们的适应度。Caudata 提供了理想的模型来检验这一假设,并探索促成和维持女性选择演变的因素。可以通过扩大分类范围和数据收集以及改进数据报告来解决突出的问题。亚组荟萃分析表明,只有雌性蝾螈(Caudata)的繁殖产量显着增加,公牛数量增加。对于许多有尾动物,雄性不能强迫雌性接受精囊。因此我们建议,如果雌性控制交配次数,它们可以使用一妻多夫来增加它们的适应度。Caudata 提供了理想的模型来检验这一假设,并探索促成和维持女性选择演变的因素。可以通过扩大分类范围和数据收集以及改进数据报告来解决突出的问题。Caudata 提供了理想的模型来检验这一假设,并探索促成和维持女性选择演变的因素。可以通过扩大分类范围和数据收集以及改进数据报告来解决突出的问题。Caudata 提供了理想的模型来检验这一假设,并探索促成和维持女性选择演变的因素。可以通过扩大分类范围和数据收集以及改进数据报告来解决突出的问题。

意义声明

许多因素和因素的组合导致一妻多夫。雌性是否从与不止一名雄性交配中受益仍然是模棱两可的。以两栖动物和爬行动物为重点,我们的分析表明,雌性蝾螈在与多个雄性交配时会产生更多的后代,而爬行动物并非如此。与我们数据集中的许多其他物种不同,多雄雌性蝾螈完全控制精子的摄入并选择多次交配。我们进一步强调了该领域未来研究的问题和关键方向。

更新日期:2022-07-07
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