Abstract

Cement is one of the highest energy-consuming and emission generating industries around the world. To reduce greenhouse emissions, several mitigation measures have been proposed, and their effectiveness is estimated. However, estimates of the global temperature change potential of the cement industry have seldom been performed. Hence, in this study, we propose a new framework that estimates CO₂ emissions and other seven pollutants to estimate temperature change potential from the cement industry. The underlying framework uses system dynamics, where the effectiveness of four mitigation measures, i.e., a shift in demand, newer methodologies to produce clinker, use of energy efficiency improvements, and implementation of renewable energy, are explored. The results indicate that renewable sources of energy show highest mitigation potential. The cement industry has contributed to an increase in 2 mK temperature since 1990, which is likely to grow up to 14.8 mK by 2050 if no mitigation measures are applied. Energy efficiency improvements by extensions of perform achieve and trade scheme can reduce 0.33 mK from the Indian cement industry. This paper provides a unique opportunity for estimating temperature influence of the cement industry, which can be further implemented for other countries.

摘要

水泥是世界上能耗和排放量最高的行业之一。为了减少温室气体排放，已经提出了几种缓解措施，并估计了它们的有效性。然而，很少对水泥行业的全球温度变化潜力进行估计。因此，在本研究中，我们提出了一个估计 CO _{2的新框架}排放和其他七种污染物，以估计水泥行业的温度变化潜力。基本框架使用系统动力学，其中探索了四种缓解措施的有效性，即需求的转变、生产熟料的新方法、提高能源效率的使用以及可再生能源的实施。结果表明，可再生能源显示出最大的缓解潜力。自 1990 年以来，水泥行业导致 2 mK 温度升高，如果不采取缓解措施，到 2050 年可能会增加到 14.8 mK。通过扩大绩效和贸易计划来提高能源效率可以减少印度水泥行业的 0.33 mK。本文为估算水泥行业的温度影响提供了独特的机会，