Flowing electrode capacitive deionization systems (FE-CDI) have recently garnered attention because of their ability to prevent cross contamination and operate in uninterrupted cycles ad infinitum. Typically, FE-CDI electrodes suffer from low conductivity, reducing deionization performance. Utilization of higher mass loadings to combat this leads to poor rheological properties. Herein, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was introduced as 1 mg mL⁻¹ slurry electrodes in an FE-CDI system for the removal and recovery of ammonia from simulated agricultural wastewater. The electrode performance was evaluated by operating the FE-CDI system with a feed solution of 500 mg L⁻¹ NH₄Cl running in batch mode at a constant voltage of 1.20 and −1.20 V in charging and discharging modes, respectively. Despite the low loading, Ti₃C₂T_x flowing electrodes showed markedly improved performance, achieving 60% ion removal efficiency in a saturation time of 115 min with an adsorption capacity of 460 mg g⁻¹. To understand the high adsorption performance of the electrodes, physiochemical and structural analysis was done via a variety of characterization techniques such as SEM, TEM, XRD, DLS, and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles were obtained to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the electrodes. The system proved to be an energy-saving technology by exhibiting a charge efficiency of 58–70% while operating at an energy consumption of 0.45 kWh kg⁻¹. A 92% regeneration efficiency showed that the electrodes were stable and suitable for long term and scalable usage. The results demonstrate that MXenes have the potential to improve the FE-CDI process for energy-efficient removal and recovery of ammonia.

流动电极电容去离子系统 (FE-CDI) 最近引起了人们的关注，因为它们能够防止交叉污染并在无限循环中不间断地运行。通常，FE-CDI 电极的电导率低，降低了去离子性能。使用更高的质量负载来解决这个问题会导致流变性能变差。在此，将 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene 作为 1 mg mL ^-1浆液电极引入 FE-CDI 系统中，用于从模拟农业废水中去除和回收氨。^{通过使用 500 mg L -1} NH ₄的进料溶液操作 FE-CDI 系统来评估电极性能Cl 在充电和放电模式下分别在 1.20 和 -1.20 V 的恒定电压下以批处理模式运行。尽管负载较低，但 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x流动电极的性能显着提高，在 115 分钟的饱和时间内实现了 60% 的离子去除效率，吸附容量为 460 mg g ^-1. 为了了解电极的高吸附性能，通过各种表征技术（如 SEM、TEM、XRD、DLS 和拉曼光谱）进行了物理化学和结构分析。获得循环伏安法和恒电流充电/放电曲线以评估电极的电化学性能。该系统被证明是一种节能技术，充电效率为 58-70%，同时以 0.45 kWh kg ^-1的能耗运行。92% 的再生效率表明电极是稳定的，适合长期和可扩展的使用。结果表明，MXenes 具有改进 FE-CDI 工艺的潜力，可高效去除和回收氨。