Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are useful materials in the chemical, physical, biological, and medical sciences. Biomedical applications require inorganic NPs to be stable in hydrophilic environments and to avoid premature biodegradation or clearance by the immune system. For this, the NP surface is engineered to enable NP colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and biomedical function. In this review, we present recent advances in polymer coatings of inorganic NPs focusing on polymer composition, ligand architecture, and the resulting coating properties. Further, we discuss how engineering of the polymer coatings governs the NP physicochemical and biological properties, enabling biomedical use as therapeutics, diagnostics , biosensors, and building blocks for material assembly.

无机纳米粒子 (NPs) 是化学、物理、生物和医学科学中的有用材料。生物医学应用要求无机纳米粒子在亲水环境中保持稳定，并避免过早生物降解或被免疫系统清除。为此，对 NP 表面进行了设计，以实现 NP 胶体稳定性、生物相容性和生物医学功能。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了无机纳米粒子聚合物涂层的最新进展，重点关注聚合物组成、配体结构和由此产生的涂层性能。此外，我们讨论了聚合物涂层的工程如何控制 NP 的物理化学和生物学特性，从而使生物医学能够用作治疗、诊断、生物传感器和材料组装的构建模块。