At finite temperatures, fluctuations invariably introduce disorder and are responsible for ultimately destroying ordered phases. Here we present an unusual magnetic transition in elemental neodymium where, with increasing temperature, long-range multiply periodic ‘multi-Q’ magnetic order emerges from a self-induced spin glass. Using temperature-dependent spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy, we characterize the local order of a previously reported spin glass phase, and quantify the emergence of long-range multi-Q order with increasing temperature. We develop two analysis tools that allow us to determine the glass transition temperature from measurements of the spatially dependent magnetization. We compare these observations with atomistic spin dynamics simulations, which reproduce the qualitative observation of a phase transition from a low-temperature spin glass phase to an intermediate ordered multi-Q phase. These simulations trace the origin of the unexpected high-temperature order in weakened frustration driven by temperature-dependent sublattice correlations. These findings constitute an example of order from disorder, and provide a platform to study the rich magnetization dynamics of a self-induced spin glass.

在有限的温度下，波动总是会引入无序并最终破坏有序相。在这里，我们展示了元素钕中不寻常的磁跃迁，其中随着温度的升高，自感应自旋玻璃出现长程多周期“多 Q”磁序。使用温度相关的自旋极化扫描隧道显微镜，我们表征了先前报道的自旋玻璃相的局部顺序，并量化了随温度升高而出现的长程多 Q 级。我们开发了两种分析工具，使我们能够从空间相关磁化强度的测量中确定玻璃化转变温度。我们将这些观察结果与原子自旋动力学模拟进行比较，它再现了从低温自旋玻璃相到中间有序多 Q 相的相变的定性观察。这些模拟追踪了由温度相关的亚晶格相关性驱动的减弱挫折中意外高温顺序的起源。这些发现构成了无序有序的一个例子，并为研究自感应自旋玻璃的丰富磁化动力学提供了一个平台。