There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.

关于抽象概念与具体经验的相对遥远，存在着一种长期且广泛存在的误解。这篇综述检查了当前对抽象概念（如真理、友谊和数字）的处理、表示和使用的外部影响和内部约束的证据。我们强调区分扎根认知和具身认知的理论好处，然后询问感知、行动、语言和社会互动在获取、表示和使用抽象概念方面发挥哪些作用。通过回顾几项研究，我们表明，与公认的定义相反，它们并没有脱离感知和行动。重点关注与量级相关的概念，我们还讨论了文化对抽象知识影响的证据，并探讨了内部言语、元认知和内部身体信号（内感受）等内部过程如何影响抽象知识的获取和检索。最后，我们讨论一些方法论的发展。具体来说，我们关注研究概念加工的时间过程的重要性，并且我们认为，由于抽象概念的社会性至关重要，因此需要新的方法来研究交互情境中的概念。我们的结论是，身体、语言和社会约束为我们的概念知识理论提供了重要的理论局限性。