As an attractive and valuable platform chemical, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) can be used to produce a variety of industrially important commodity chemicals and biodegradable polymers. Moreover, the biosynthesis of 3-HP has drawn much attention in recent years due to its sustainability and environmental friendliness. Here, we focus on recent advances, challenges, and metabolic engineering strategies in the biosynthesis of 3-HP. While glucose and glycerol are major carbon sources for its production of 3-HP via microbial fermentation, other carbon sources have also been explored. To increase yield and titer, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies have been explored, including modifying pathway enzymes, eliminating flux blockages due to byproduct synthesis, eliminating toxic byproducts, and optimizing via genome-scale models. This review also provides insights on future directions for 3-HP biosynthesis.

中文翻译：

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3-羟基丙酸生物合成的最新进展、挑战和代谢工程策略

作为一种有吸引力且有价值的平台化学品，3-羟基丙酸 (3-HP) 可用于生产各种工业上重要的商品化学品和可生物降解的聚合物。此外，3-HP的生物合成近年来因其可持续性和环境友好性而备受关注。在这里，我们关注 3-HP 生物合成的最新进展、挑战和代谢工程策略。虽然葡萄糖和甘油是其通过微生物发酵生产 3-HP 的主要碳源，但也已经探索了其他碳源。为了提高产量和效价，已经探索了合成生物学和代谢工程策略，包括修改途径酶、消除副产物合成引起的通量阻塞、消除有毒副产物以及通过基因组规模模型进行优化。