Anode gas bubble behavior and anode effect on graphite and industrial carbon rod-shaped anode in a cryolite melt have been studied using a see-through furnace. The different carbon materials have different properties which can affect bubble behavior and electrochemical properties. Industrial carbon is more inhomogeneous with respect to structure, pore, aggregates and impurities in comparison to the graphite. More bubbles were nucleated on the industrial carbon than on the graphite for the same current density. The time related to the coalescence process for both anodes was found to be in interval 16 to 24 ms and independent of the current densities. Bubbles detached from the horizontal surface of the anode have similar average diameter value for both anodes for current densities < 1.0 A cm⁻², while for current densities > 1.0 A cm⁻², the average diameter is lower for the industrial carbon anode. The onset of the anode effect occurred faster on the graphite than on the industrial anode. The PFC-containing gas layer appeared to be thicker and more stable on the graphite anode than on the industrial carbon anode.

已经使用透视炉研究了冰晶石熔体中的阳极气泡行为和阳极对石墨和工业碳棒状阳极的影响。不同的碳材料具有不同的性质，这些性质会影响气泡行为和电化学性质。与石墨相比，工业碳在结构、孔隙、聚集体和杂质方面更加不均匀。对于相同的电流密度，在工业碳上比在石墨上更多的气泡成核。发现与两个阳极的聚结过程相关的时间在 16 到 24 毫秒之间，并且与电流密度无关。^{对于电流密度 < 1.0 A cm -2}的两个阳极，从阳极水平表面分离的气泡具有相似的平均直径值，而对于电流密度 > 1.0 A cm ^-2，工业碳阳极的平均直径较低。与工业阳极相比，石墨上的阳极效应开始发生得更快。石墨阳极上的含 PFC 气体层似乎比工业碳阳极上的更厚且更稳定。