The Holocaust is associated primarily with death camps, but mass executions alongside crematoria were an equal way to exterminate Jews during World War II. This article presents the perspective of Jews who survived the shootings. On the basis of ninety-one personal accounts of people who survived under the corpses, I describe their experience: the circumstances of the massacre, falling into the grave, getting out of it, and returning to the living. In the text, I pose the following questions: what can we learn by analyzing this experience? Does it bring anything new to our knowledge of the Holocaust? Did those once “buried alive” know something that other witnesses do not say? The article complicates received understandings of how, precisely, people died during the Holocaust; and challenges the common assumption in the scholarship that those who survived were all “irreversibly changed.”

中文翻译：

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“许多只受伤的人被窒息，活埋”：分析在大规模处决中幸存的犹太人的经历

大屠杀主要与死亡集中营有关，但与火葬场一起进行的大规模处决是二战期间灭绝犹太人的平等方式。本文介绍了枪击案中幸存下来的犹太人的观点。根据九十一个人在尸体下幸存者的经历，我描述了他们的经历：大屠杀的情况，坠入坟墓，走出坟墓，回到生者。在正文中，我提出以下问题：通过分析这种经验，我们能学到什么？它是否为我们对大屠杀的了解带来了新的东西？那些曾经“被活埋”的人是否知道其他证人没有说的事情？这篇文章使人们对大屠杀期间人们究竟是如何死亡的理解复杂化了。