Tracking transitional probabilities and segmenting auditory sequences are dissociable processes in adults and neonates,Developmental Science

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Tracking transitional probabilities and segmenting auditory sequences are dissociable processes in adults and neonates
Developmental Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 , DOI: 10.1111/desc.13300
Lucas Benjamin ₁ , Ana Fló ₁ , Marie Palu ₁ , Shruti Naik ₁ , Lucia Melloni _{2,

3} , Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz ₁

Affiliation

Since speech is a continuous stream with no systematic boundaries between words, how do pre-verbal infants manage to discover words? A proposed solution is that they might use the transitional probability between adjacent syllables, which drops at word boundaries. Here, we tested the limits of this mechanism by increasing the size of the word-unit to four syllables, and its automaticity by testing asleep neonates. Using markers of statistical learning in neonates’ EEG, compared to adult behavioral performances in the same task, we confirmed that statistical learning is automatic enough to be efficient even in sleeping neonates. We also revealed that: (1) Successfully tracking transition probabilities (TP) in a sequence is not sufficient to segment it. (2) Prosodic cues, as subtle as subliminal pauses, enable to recover words segmenting capacities. (3) Adults’ and neonates’ capacities to segment streams seem remarkably similar despite the difference of maturation and expertise. Finally, we observed that learning increased the overall similarity of neural responses across infants during exposure to the stream, providing a novel neural marker to monitor learning. Thus, from birth, infants are equipped with adult-like tools, allowing them to extract small coherent word-like units from auditory streams, based on the combination of statistical analyses and auditory parsing cues.

中文翻译：

跟踪过渡概率和分割听觉序列是成人和新生儿的可分离过程

由于语音是一个连续的流，单词之间没有系统的界限，因此不会说话的婴儿如何设法发现单词？一个建议的解决方案是，他们可能会使用相邻音节之间的过渡概率，该概率在单词边界处下降。在这里，我们通过将单词单位的大小增加到四个音节来测试这种机制的局限性，并通过测试睡着的新生儿来测试它的自动性。使用新生儿脑电图中的统计学习标记，与同一任务中的成人行为表现相比，我们证实统计学习足够自动，即使在睡眠新生儿中也能有效。我们还发现：(1) 成功跟踪序列中的转移概率 (TP) 不足以对其进行分割。(2) 韵律线索，与潜意识停顿一样微妙，能够恢复分词能力。(3) 尽管成熟度和专业知识不同，但成人和新生儿分割流的能力似乎非常相似。最后，我们观察到学习增加了婴儿在接触溪流期间神经反应的整体相似性，提供了一种新的神经标记来监测学习。因此，从出生开始，婴儿就配备了类似成人的工具，使他们能够根据统计分析和听觉分析线索的组合，从听觉流中提取连贯的小词类单元。

更新日期：2022-06-30

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