The haor landscape is a wetland ecosystem in northeast Bangladesh, comprising shallow depressions that undergo large changes in water inundation between the monsoon and dry seasons. Sediment is supplied to the haor from rivers originating in the adjacent Shillong Plateau, and can adversely affect these largely arable agricultural lands. The critical adverse effects of changing hydrology and enhanced sedimentation due to anthropogenic change include the reduction of natural water storage capacity, changes in the timing and magnitude of floods, and increasing loss and damage to crops, which consequently affect the livelihoods of wetland dwellers. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate how sedimentation has affected the livelihoods of the residents and the pressures they experience. Cross-sectional surveys and interviews were conducted with 180 respondents in Lubar and Pochashul Haors (LPH), Sunamganj District, and allied with an analysis of satellite images that reveals the nature of landscape change over the past 56 years. Our findings confirm that sedimentation has been promoted through both natural processes of alluvial fan progradation and anthropogenic forcings. Enhanced sedimentation threatens the agriculture of the region and affects the livelihood of local inhabitants, leading to other societal issues related to income, education, employment, health, displacement, and sexual harassment. The mixed methods employed herein are essential tools to reveal these effects. In order to reduce the vulnerability of the local population, a transboundary dialog between India and Bangladesh is needed to realize measures to protect wetland resources and achieve progress towards environmental sustainability.

中文翻译：

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孟加拉国的弱势群体如何承受 Haor 湿地沉积物带来的环境压力？探索性研究

Haor 景观是孟加拉国东北部的湿地生态系统，由浅洼地组成，在季风季节和旱季之间，水淹没的变化很大。来自邻近西隆高原的河流将沉积物供应到 Haor，并可能对这些大部分可耕种的农田产生不利影响。人为变化引起的水文变化和沉积增加的严重不利影响包括自然储水能力的降低、洪水发生的时间和规模的变化以及农作物的损失和损害增加，从而影响湿地居民的生计。本研究采用混合方法来调查沉积物如何影响居民的生计以及他们所承受的压力。对苏南甘吉区 Lubar 和 Pochashul Haors (LPH) 的 180 名受访者进行了横断面调查和访谈，并结合卫星图像分析揭示了过去 56 年景观变化的性质。我们的研究结果证实，冲积扇推进的自然过程和人为强迫都促进了沉积作用。增加的沉积物威胁着该地区的农业并影响当地居民的生计，导致与收入、教育、就业、健康、流离失所和性骚扰有关的其他社会问题。本文采用的混合方法是揭示这些影响的重要工具。为了减少当地人口的脆弱性，