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Circadian clocks and their integration with metabolic and reproductive systems: Our current understanding and its application to the management of dairy cows
Journal of Animal Science ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 , DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac233
Theresa M Casey 1 , Karen Plaut 1
Affiliation  

The circadian system is an inbuilt timekeeping mechanism that tracks the 24-h day through the generation of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms enable animals to forecast and anticipate regular changes in their environment, and orchestrate biochemical, physiological and behavioral events so that the right process occurs at the right time. The 24 h rhythms generated by circadian clocks are integrated into homeostatic feedback loops and repair pathways. Metabolic and reproductive systems are highly integrated with the circadian timing system and demonstrate reciprocal regulation. Circadian clocks set the timing of circadian rhythms by gathering temporal information from external and internal signals to include light and nutrients. Exogenous and endogenous factors that function as inputs to the circadian clocks can disrupt their timing when applied at unusual and inappropriate times, and are referred to as chronodisruptors. Changes in the natural light-dark cycle perturb the circadian system. Other chronodisrupters include inappropriately timed food intake and physical activity and biological stress. Knowledge of the biology underlying circadian clock timing is critical to understanding how to maximize health and production efficiency of cattle. Here we review circadian clocks and their function in the regulation of metabolic and reproductive systems as well as the consequence of circadian disruption on mammary development and lactation with a particular focus on recent research findings from studies of dairy cows.

中文翻译:

生物钟及其与代谢和生殖系统的整合:我们目前的理解及其在奶牛管理中的应用

昼夜节律系统是一种内置的计时机制,通过生成昼夜节律来跟踪 24 小时一天。昼夜节律使动物能够预测和预测其环境的定期变化,并协调生化、生理和行为事件,以便在正确的时间发生正确的过程。生物钟产生的 24 小时节律被整合到稳态反馈回路和修复途径中。代谢和生殖系统与昼夜节律系统高度整合,并表现出相互调节。生物钟通过收集来自外部和内部信号的时间信息(包括光和营养物质)来设置昼夜节律的时间。作为生物钟输入的外源性和内源性因素在不寻常和不适当的时间应用时会扰乱它们的时间,被称为时间干扰因素。自然光暗循环的变化扰乱了昼夜节律系统。其他时间干扰因素包括不适当的食物摄入时间和身体活动以及生物压力。了解生物钟计时的生物学知识对于了解如何最大限度地提高牛的健康和生产效率至关重要。在这里,我们回顾了生物钟及其在代谢和生殖系统调节中的功能,以及昼夜节律中断对乳腺发育和泌乳的影响,特别关注奶牛研究的最新研究结果。并被称为时间干扰器。自然光暗循环的变化扰乱了昼夜节律系统。其他时间干扰因素包括不适当的食物摄入时间和身体活动以及生物压力。了解生物钟计时的生物学知识对于了解如何最大限度地提高牛的健康和生产效率至关重要。在这里,我们回顾了生物钟及其在代谢和生殖系统调节中的功能,以及昼夜节律中断对乳腺发育和泌乳的影响,特别关注奶牛研究的最新研究结果。并被称为时间干扰器。自然光暗循环的变化扰乱了昼夜节律系统。其他时间干扰因素包括不适当的食物摄入时间和身体活动以及生物压力。了解生物钟计时的生物学知识对于了解如何最大限度地提高牛的健康和生产效率至关重要。在这里,我们回顾了生物钟及其在代谢和生殖系统调节中的功能,以及昼夜节律中断对乳腺发育和泌乳的影响,特别关注奶牛研究的最新研究结果。了解生物钟计时的生物学知识对于了解如何最大限度地提高牛的健康和生产效率至关重要。在这里,我们回顾了生物钟及其在代谢和生殖系统调节中的功能,以及昼夜节律中断对乳腺发育和泌乳的影响,特别关注奶牛研究的最新研究结果。了解生物钟计时的生物学知识对于了解如何最大限度地提高牛的健康和生产效率至关重要。在这里,我们回顾了生物钟及其在代谢和生殖系统调节中的功能,以及昼夜节律中断对乳腺发育和泌乳的影响,特别关注奶牛研究的最新研究结果。
更新日期:2022-07-01
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